ICD‐11 Classification, English and Russian

ICD-11 Classification (English)

Categories (ICD-11 Chapter 06: Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders)

Category	Examples / Notes
Neurodevelopmental disorders	Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, intellectual developmental disorder.
Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders	Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, persistent delusional disorders.
Catatonia	Recognised as an independent syndrome that may accompany several mental and medical conditions.
Mood disorders	Bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, cyclothymic disorder.
Anxiety or fear-related disorders	Generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, agoraphobia.
Obsessive-compulsive or related disorders	Obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania.
Disorders specifically associated with stress	Post-traumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, adjustment disorder.
Dissociative disorders	Dissociative identity disorder, depersonalisation-derealisation disorder.
Feeding or eating disorders	Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).
Elimination disorders	Enuresis, encopresis.
Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience	Bodily distress disorder, body integrity dysphoria, olfactory reference disorder.
Disorders due to substance use	Alcohol, cannabis, opioid, stimulant and sedative use disorders.
Disorders due to addictive behaviours	Gambling disorder, gaming disorder.
Impulse control disorders	Intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pyromania.
Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders	Conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder.
Personality disorders and related traits	Personality disorder (classified by severity with trait qualifiers).
Paraphilic disorders	Exhibitionistic disorder, voyeuristic disorder, coercive sexual sadism disorder.
Factitious disorders	Factitious disorder imposed on self or on another person.
Neurocognitive disorders	Major or mild neurocognitive disorder, delirium, postictal state.

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Notable New or Revised Diagnoses in ICD-11

ICD-11 introduces several new diagnostic categories or significant refinements. Examples include:

Diagnosis	Key Highlights
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (6B41)	Adds disturbances in self-organisation to classic PTSD symptoms.
Prolonged grief disorder (6B42)	Recognises persistent and impairing grief reactions beyond culturally expected periods.
Gaming disorder (6C51)	Classifies persistent gaming behaviour that impairs functioning, both online and offline.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) (6B83)	Captures restrictive eating without body-image disturbance, emphasising nutritional and psychosocial impairment.
Hoarding disorder (6B24)	Specifies difficulty discarding possessions leading to clutter and distress; previously grouped under OCD.
Body dysmorphic disorder (6B21)	Now grouped with obsessive-compulsive related disorders, emphasising repetitive behaviours focused on perceived flaws.
Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders (6B25)	Includes trichotillomania and excoriation disorder with unified diagnostic criteria.
Olfactory reference disorder (6B22)	Recognises persistent concern about emitting odours, leading to repetitive checking or avoidance.
Illness anxiety disorder (Hypochondriasis) (6B23)	Replaces hypochondriacal disorder and emphasises health anxiety despite minimal somatic symptoms.
Body integrity dysphoria (6C21)	Describes persistent desire to amputate or alter a healthy body part due to perceived mismatch between body and identity.
Bodily distress disorder (6C20)	Consolidates somatic symptom presentations characterised by excessive preoccupation with physical symptoms.

Other notable updates include dimensional assessment of personality disorders, refined catatonia criteria, and clearer boundaries between substance use disorders and behavioural addictions.

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Sample Diagnostic Interview Prompts in ICD-11

ICD-11 encourages clinicians to tailor assessments to the individual while covering symptom presence, severity, duration, and functional impact. Example prompts for selected categories include:

ICD-11 Category	Screening Questions
Neurodevelopmental disorders (6A0)	"Were there early developmental delays in speech, motor skills, or learning compared with peers?" · "Do attention difficulties or repetitive behaviours significantly impair daily functioning?"
Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders (6A2)	"Have there been persistent hallucinations or delusional beliefs over the past month?" · "Do these experiences interfere with work, self-care, or relationships?"
Catatonia (6A4)	"Have you experienced episodes of marked immobility, mutism, or rigidity?" · "Were medical evaluations unable to explain these episodes?"
Mood disorders (6A6)	"During the past two weeks, have you felt depressed or lost interest in activities most days?" · "Have there been periods of elevated mood with decreased sleep and impulsive behaviour?"
Anxiety or fear-related disorders (6B0)	"Have excessive worries been present most days for six months or longer?" · "Are there panic attacks or avoidance of situations without objective danger?"
Obsessive-compulsive or related disorders (6B2)	"Do intrusive thoughts lead to repetitive behaviours or mental acts to relieve anxiety?" · "How much time do these rituals consume each day?"
Disorders specifically associated with stress (6B4)	"Was there exposure to a traumatic or extremely stressful event with intrusive memories or nightmares?" · "Do avoidance, hyperarousal, or negative self-perceptions persist for more than a month?"
Dissociative disorders (6B6)	"Are there episodes of feeling detached from yourself or losing track of time?" · "Do these episodes interfere with safety, relationships, or daily functioning?"
Feeding or eating disorders (6B8)	"Are there ongoing patterns of restrictive intake or bingeing with compensatory behaviours?" · "Do eating habits cause medical complications or social withdrawal?"
Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience (6C2)	"Are multiple physical symptoms causing distress despite medical reassurance?" · "Does health preoccupation limit daily activities?"
Disorders due to substance use (6C4)	"Is it difficult to control the amount or frequency of substance use?" · "Has use continued despite physical, social, or legal consequences?"
Disorders due to addictive behaviours (6C5)	"Do gaming or gambling behaviours continue despite efforts to stop?" · "Have these behaviours led to financial, academic, or relational problems?"
Impulse control disorders (6C7)	"Are there repeated impulsive acts, such as aggressive outbursts or stealing, followed by relief?" · "Do these acts cause significant distress or legal issues?"
Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders (6C9)	"Is there a persistent pattern of violating rules, aggression, or deceit?" · "Do conflicts with authority figures occur frequently and impair functioning?"
Personality disorders and related traits (6D1)	"Are there enduring difficulties in self-identity, emotional regulation, or relationships across contexts?" · "How severe is the functional impairment related to these personality features?"
Neurocognitive disorders (6D7)	"Have there been noticeable declines in memory, attention, or executive function?" · "Do cognitive changes interfere with independence or daily decision-making?"

These prompts should be adapted to the clinical setting, cultural context, and individual presentation while aligning with ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines.