Add:beginner tutorials for Python functions and control structures with detailed examples

basics/03_control_structures/condition_and_loops.py

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+"""
+Title: Python Control Structures Tutorial
+Author: Python-Basics-to-Advanced Contributors
+Difficulty: Beginner
+Description: Detailed guide to if-else, loops, break, continue, and control flow in Python
+Date: October 2025
+"""
+
+print("=== Python Control Structures Tutorial ===\n")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 1. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
+# =============================================================================
+
+number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
+
+if number > 0:
+    print("The number is positive.")
+elif number == 0:
+    print("The number is zero.")
+else:
+    print("The number is negative.")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 2. FOR LOOP
+# =============================================================================
+
+print("\nCounting from 1 to 5:")
+for i in range(1, 6):
+    print(i)
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 3. WHILE LOOP
+# =============================================================================
+
+print("\nCounting down from 5 to 1:")
+count = 5
+while count > 0:
+    print(count)
+    count -= 1
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 4. BREAK STATEMENT
+# =============================================================================
+
+print("\nFinding the first number divisible by 3 between 10 and 20:")
+for num in range(10, 21):
+    if num % 3 == 0:
+        print(f"Found: {num}")
+        break
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 5. CONTINUE STATEMENT
+# =============================================================================
+
+print("\nPrinting numbers between 1 and 10 skipping multiples of 3:")
+for num in range(1, 11):
+    if num % 3 == 0:
+        continue
+    print(num)
+
+print("\n=== End of Control Structures Tutorial ===")
+print("Practice tip: Modify the range and conditions to see different outputs and behaviors.")

basics/04_functions/simple_functions.py

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+"""
+Title: Python Functions Tutorial
+Author: Python-Basics-to-Advanced Contributors
+Difficulty: Beginner
+Description: Comprehensive guide to defining and using functions in Python with examples
+Date: October 2025
+"""
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 1. DEFINING FUNCTIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+print("=== Python Functions Tutorial ===\n")
+
+def greet(name):
+    """
+    Greets a person by name.
+
+    Args:
+        name (str): The person's name.
+
+    Returns:
+        str: Greeting message.
+    """
+    return f"Hello, {name}!"
+
+print(greet("Alice"))
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 2. FUNCTION PARAMETERS AND DEFAULTS
+# =============================================================================
+
+def power(base, exponent=2):
+    """
+    Calculates the power of a base number.
+
+    Args:
+        base (int or float): Base number.
+        exponent (int or float): Exponent, default is 2.
+
+    Returns:
+        int or float: Result of base raised to exponent.
+    """
+    return base ** exponent
+
+print(f"5^2 = {power(5)}")
+print(f"3^3 = {power(3, 3)}")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 3. RETURNING MULTIPLE VALUES
+# =============================================================================
+
+def arithmetic_ops(a, b):
+    """
+    Performs basic arithmetic operations on two numbers.
+
+    Args:
+        a (int or float): First number.
+        b (int or float): Second number.
+
+    Returns:
+        tuple: Sum, difference, product, and quotient.
+    """
+    sum_ = a + b
+    diff = a - b
+    prod = a * b
+    quo = a / b if b != 0 else None
+    return sum_, diff, prod, quo
+
+s, d, p, q = arithmetic_ops(10, 5)
+print(f"Sum: {s}, Difference: {d}, Product: {p}, Quotient: {q}")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 4. LAMBDA (ANONYMOUS) FUNCTIONS
+# =============================================================================
+
+add = lambda x, y: x + y
+square = lambda x: x * x
+
+print(f"Add 3 + 4 = {add(3, 4)}")
+print(f"Square of 6 = {square(6)}")
+
+# =============================================================================
+# 5. FUNCTION SCOPE AND LOCAL VARIABLES
+# =============================================================================
+
+def demonstrate_scope():
+    x = 10  # local variable
+    print(f"Inside function, x = {x}")
+
+demonstrate_scope()
+# print(x)  # This would raise an error because x is local
+
+print("\n=== End of Functions Tutorial ===")
+print("Practice tip: Try creating your own functions and experimenting with parameters and returns!")

basics/05_basic_projects/simple_calculator.py

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+"""
+Title: Simple Calculator
+Author: Python-Basics-to-Advanced
+Difficulty: Beginner
+Description: Basic calculator supporting +, -, *, / operations with input validation
+"""
+
+def calculator():
+    print("Simple Calculator")
+    try:
+        a = float(input("Enter first number: "))
+        b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Invalid input. Please enter numeric values.")
+        return
+
+    op = input("Choose operation (+, -, *, /): ")
+
+    if op == '+':
+        print(f"Result: {a + b}")
+    elif op == '-':
+        print(f"Result: {a - b}")
+    elif op == '*':
+        print(f"Result: {a * b}")
+    elif op == '/':
+        if b == 0:
+            print("Error: Cannot divide by zero")
+        else:
+            print(f"Result: {a / b}")
+    else:
+        print("Invalid operation")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    calculator()