Added rule enforcing Image alt text

README.md

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ Any use of third-party trademarks or logos are subject to those third-party's po
 | [emptyswatch-needs-labelling](docs/rules/emptyswatch-needs-labelling.md)                                               | Accessibility: EmptySwatch must have an accessible name via aria-label, Tooltip, aria-labelledby, etc..                                                | ✅  |    |    |
 | [field-needs-labelling](docs/rules/field-needs-labelling.md)                                                           | Accessibility: Field must have label                                                                                                                   | ✅  |    |    |
 | [image-button-missing-aria](docs/rules/image-button-missing-aria.md)                                                   | Accessibility: Image buttons must have accessible labelling: title, aria-label, aria-labelledby, aria-describedby                                      | ✅  |    |    |
+| [image-needs-alt](docs/rules/image-needs-alt.md)                                                                       | Accessibility: Image must have alt attribute with a meaningful description of the image. If the image is decorative, use alt="".                       | ✅  |    |    |
 | [imageswatch-needs-labelling](docs/rules/imageswatch-needs-labelling.md)                                               | Accessibility: ImageSwatch must have an accessible name via aria-label, Tooltip, aria-labelledby, etc..                                                | ✅  |    |    |
 | [input-components-require-accessible-name](docs/rules/input-components-require-accessible-name.md)                     | Accessibility: Input fields must have accessible labelling: aria-label, aria-labelledby or an associated label                                         | ✅  |    |    |
 | [link-missing-labelling](docs/rules/link-missing-labelling.md)                                                         | Accessibility: Image links must have an accessible name. Add either text content, labelling to the image or labelling to the link itself.              | ✅  |    | 🔧 |

docs/rules/image-needs-alt.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Accessibility: Image must have alt attribute with a meaningful description of the image. If the image is decorative, use alt="" (`@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/image-needs-alt`)
+
+💼 This rule is enabled in the ✅ `recommended` config.
+
+<!-- end auto-generated rule header -->
+
+## Rule details
+
+This rule requires all `<Image>` components have non-empty alternative text. The `alt` attribute should provide a clear and concise text replacement for the image's content. It should *not* describe the presence of the image itself or the file name of the image. Purely decorative images should have empty `alt` text (`alt=""`).
+
+
+Examples of **incorrect** code for this rule:
+
+```jsx
+<Image src="image.png" />
+```
+
+```jsx
+<Image src="image.png" alt={null} />
+```
+
+Examples of **correct** code for this rule:
+
+```jsx
+<Image src="image.png" alt="A dog playing in a park." />
+```
+
+```jsx
+<Image src="decorative-image.png" alt="" />
+```
+
+## Further Reading
+
+- [`<img>` Accessibility](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/img#accessibility)

lib/index.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ module.exports = {
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/emptyswatch-needs-labelling": "error",
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/field-needs-labelling": "error",
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/image-button-missing-aria": "error",
+                "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/image-needs-alt": "error",
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/imageswatch-needs-labelling": "error",
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/input-components-require-accessible-name": "error",
                 "@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/link-missing-labelling": "error",
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ module.exports = {
         "emptyswatch-needs-labelling": rules.emptySwatchNeedsLabelling,
         "field-needs-labelling": rules.fieldNeedsLabelling,
         "image-button-missing-aria": rules.imageButtonMissingAria,
+        "image-needs-alt": rules.imageNeedsAlt,
         "imageswatch-needs-labelling": rules.imageSwatchNeedsLabelling,
         "input-components-require-accessible-name": rules.inputComponentsRequireAccessibleName,
         "link-missing-labelling": rules.linkMissingLabelling,

lib/rules/image-needs-alt.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+import { ESLintUtils } from "@typescript-eslint/utils";
+import { makeLabeledControlRule } from "../util/ruleFactory";
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rule Definition
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const rule = ESLintUtils.RuleCreator.withoutDocs(
+    makeLabeledControlRule({
+        component: "Image",
+        messageId: "imageNeedsAlt",
+        description:
+            'Accessibility: Image must have alt attribute with a meaningful description of the image. If the image is decorative, use alt="".',
+        requiredProps: ["alt"],
+        allowFieldParent: false,
+        allowHtmlFor: false,
+        allowLabelledBy: false,
+        allowWrappingLabel: false,
+        allowTooltipParent: false,
+        allowDescribedBy: false,
+        allowLabeledChild: false
+    })
+);
+
+export default rule;

lib/rules/index.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export { default as dialogsurfaceNeedsAria } from "./dialogsurface-needs-aria";
 export { default as dropdownNeedsLabelling } from "./dropdown-needs-labelling";
 export { default as fieldNeedsLabelling } from "./field-needs-labelling";
 export { default as imageButtonMissingAria } from "./buttons/image-button-missing-aria";
+export { default as imageNeedsAlt } from "./image-needs-alt";
 export { default as inputComponentsRequireAccessibleName } from "./input-components-require-accessible-name";
 export { default as linkMissingLabelling } from "./link-missing-labelling";
 export { default as menuItemNeedsLabelling } from "./menu-item-needs-labelling";

lib/util/hasDefinedProp.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+import { TSESTree } from "@typescript-eslint/utils";
+import { JSXOpeningElement } from "estree-jsx";
+import { hasProp, getPropValue, getProp } from "jsx-ast-utils";
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the property exists and has a non-nullish value.
+ * @param attributes The attributes on the visited node
+ * @param name The name of the prop to check
+ * @returns Whether the specified prop exists and is not null or undefined
+ * @example
+ * // <img src="image.png" />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // true
+ * // <img src="" />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // true
+ * // <img src={null} />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // false
+ * // <img src={undefined} />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // false
+ * // <img src={1} />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // false
+ * // <img src={true} />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // false
+ * // <img />
+ * hasDefinedProp(attributes, 'src') // false
+ */
+const hasDefinedProp = (attributes: TSESTree.JSXOpeningElement["attributes"], name: string): boolean => {
+    if (!hasProp(attributes as JSXOpeningElement["attributes"], name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const prop = getProp(attributes as JSXOpeningElement["attributes"], name);
+
+    // Safely get the value of the prop, handling potential undefined or null values
+    const propValue = prop ? getPropValue(prop) : undefined;
+
+    // Return true if the prop value is not null or undefined
+    return propValue !== null && propValue !== undefined;
+};
+
+export { hasDefinedProp };

lib/util/ruleFactory.ts

@@ -14,26 +14,43 @@ import { elementType } from "jsx-ast-utils";
 import { JSXOpeningElement } from "estree-jsx";
 import { hasToolTipParent } from "./hasTooltipParent";
 import { hasLabeledChild } from "./hasLabeledChild";
+import { hasDefinedProp } from "./hasDefinedProp";
 import { hasTextContentChild } from "./hasTextContentChild";
 
+/**
+ * Configuration options for a rule created via the `ruleFactory`
+ */
 export type LabeledControlConfig = {
+    /** The name of the component that the rule applies to. @example 'Image', /Image|Icon/ */
     component: string | RegExp;
+    /** The unique id of the problem message. @example 'itemNeedsLabel' */
     messageId: string;
+    /** A short description of the rule. */
     description: string;
-    labelProps: string[]; // e.g. ["aria-label", "title", "label"]
-    allowFieldParent: boolean; // Accept a parent <Field label="..."> wrapper as providing the label.
-    allowHtmlFor: boolean; // Accept <label htmlFor="..."> association.
-    allowLabelledBy: boolean; // Accept aria-labelledby association.
-    allowWrappingLabel: boolean; // Accept being wrapped in a <label> element.
-    allowTooltipParent: boolean; // Accept a parent <Tooltip content="..."> wrapper as providing the label.
+    /** Properties that are required to have a non-`null` and non-`undefined` value. @example ["alt"] */
+    requiredProps?: string[];
+    /** Labeling properties that are required to have at least one non-empty value. @example ["aria-label", "title", "label"] */
+    labelProps?: string[];
+    /** Accept a parent `<Field label="...">` wrapper as providing the label. */
+    allowFieldParent: boolean;
+    /** Accept `<label htmlFor="...">` association. */
+    allowHtmlFor: boolean;
+    /** Accept aria-labelledby association. */
+    allowLabelledBy: boolean;
+    /** Accept being wrapped in a `<label>` element. */
+    allowWrappingLabel: boolean;
+    /** Accept a parent `<Tooltip content="...">` wrapper as providing the label. */
+    allowTooltipParent: boolean;
     /**
      * Accept aria-describedby as a labeling strategy.
      * NOTE: This is discouraged for *primary* labeling; prefer text/aria-label/labelledby.
      * Keep this off unless a specific component (e.g., Icon-only buttons) intentionally uses it.
      */
     allowDescribedBy: boolean;
-    allowLabeledChild: boolean; // Accept labeled child elements to provide the label e.g. <Button><img alt="..." /></Button>
-    allowTextContentChild?: boolean; // Accept text children to provide the label e.g. <Button>Click me</Button>
+    /** Treat labeled child content (img `alt`, svg `title`, `aria-label` on `role="img"`) as the name */
+    allowLabeledChild: boolean;
+    /** Accept text children to provide the label e.g. <Button>Click me</Button> */
+    allowTextContentChild?: boolean;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -58,16 +75,22 @@ export function hasAccessibleLabel(
     context: TSESLint.RuleContext<string, []>,
     config: LabeledControlConfig
 ): boolean {
-    const allowFieldParent = !!config.allowFieldParent;
-    const allowWrappingLabel = !!config.allowWrappingLabel;
-    const allowHtmlFor = !!config.allowHtmlFor;
-    const allowLabelledBy = !!config.allowLabelledBy;
-    const allowTooltipParent = !!config.allowTooltipParent;
-    const allowDescribedBy = !!config.allowDescribedBy;
-    const allowLabeledChild = !!config.allowLabeledChild;
+    const {
+        allowFieldParent,
+        allowWrappingLabel,
+        allowHtmlFor,
+        allowLabelledBy,
+        allowTooltipParent,
+        allowDescribedBy,
+        allowLabeledChild,
+        requiredProps,
+        labelProps
+    } = config;
     const allowTextContentChild = !!config.allowTextContentChild;
+
     if (allowFieldParent && hasFieldParent(context)) return true;
-    if (config.labelProps?.some(p => hasNonEmptyProp(opening.attributes, p))) return true;
+    if (requiredProps?.every(p => hasDefinedProp(opening.attributes, p))) return true;
+    if (labelProps?.some(p => hasNonEmptyProp(opening.attributes, p))) return true;
     if (allowWrappingLabel && isInsideLabelTag(context)) return true;
     if (allowHtmlFor && hasAssociatedLabelViaHtmlFor(opening, context)) return true;
     if (allowLabelledBy && hasAssociatedLabelViaAriaLabelledBy(opening, context)) return true;

package.json

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@
         "lint:eslint-docs": "npm-run-all \"update:eslint-docs -- --check\"",
         "lint:js": "eslint .",
         "test": "jest",
+        "test:branch": "npm run test -- -o",
+        "test:watch": "npm run test -- --watch",
         "lint:docs": "markdownlint **/*.md",
         "update:eslint-docs": "eslint-doc-generator",
         "fix:md": "npm run lint:docs -- --fix",

scripts/boilerplate/doc.js

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
-const docBoilerplateGenerator = (name, description) => `# ${description} (@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/${name})
+const { withCRLF } = require("./util");
+
+const docBoilerplateGenerator = (name, description) =>
+    withCRLF(`# ${description} (@microsoft/fluentui-jsx-a11y/${name})
 
 Write a useful explanation here!
 
@@ -18,5 +21,5 @@ Write more details here!
 \`\`\`
 
 ## Further Reading
-`;
+`);
 module.exports = docBoilerplateGenerator;

scripts/boilerplate/rule.js

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
-const ruleBoilerplate = (name, description) => `// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+const { withCRLF } = require("./util");
+
+const ruleBoilerplate = (name, description) =>
+    withCRLF(`// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
 import { ESLintUtils, TSESTree } from "@typescript-eslint/utils";
@@ -41,5 +44,5 @@ const rule = createRule({
 });
 
 export default rule;
-`;
+`);
 module.exports = ruleBoilerplate;

scripts/boilerplate/test.js

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
-const testBoilerplate = name => `// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+const { withCRLF } = require("./util");
+
+const testBoilerplate = name =>
+    withCRLF(`// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 
 import { Rule } from "eslint";
@@ -20,5 +23,5 @@ ruleTester.run("${name}", rule as unknown as Rule.RuleModule, {
         /* ... */
     ]
 });
-`;
+`);
 module.exports = testBoilerplate;

scripts/boilerplate/util.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Helper method to convert LF line endings to CRLF line endings
+ * @remarks This is needed to avoid prettier formatting issues on generation of the files
+ * @param text The text to convert
+ * @returns The converted text
+ */
+const withCRLF = text => text.replace(/\n/g, "\r\n");
+
+module.exports = { withCRLF };

scripts/create-rule.js

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const author = argv.author || "$AUTHOR";
 const description = argv.description || "$DESCRIPTION";
 
 const rulePath = resolve(`lib/rules/${ruleName}.ts`);
-const testPath = resolve(`tests/lib/rules/${ruleName}-test.ts`);
+const testPath = resolve(`tests/lib/rules/${ruleName}.test.ts`);
 const docsPath = resolve(`docs/rules/${ruleName}.md`);
 
 // Validate

tests/lib/rules/image-needs-alt.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+import { Rule } from "eslint";
+import ruleTester from "./helper/ruleTester";
+import rule from "../../../lib/rules/image-needs-alt";
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ruleTester.run("image-needs-alt", rule as unknown as Rule.RuleModule, {
+    valid: [
+        // Not an Image
+        "<div></div>",
+        // Valid string test
+        '<Image src="image.png" alt="Description of image" />',
+        // Valid expression test
+        '<Image src="image.png" alt={altText} />',
+        // Decorative image with empty alt
+        '<Image src="image.png" alt="" />'
+    ],
+    invalid: [
+        {
+            // No alt attribute
+            code: '<Image src="image.png" />',
+            errors: [{ messageId: "imageNeedsAlt" }]
+        },
+        {
+            // Null alt attribute
+            code: '<Image src="image.png" alt={null} />',
+            errors: [{ messageId: "imageNeedsAlt" }]
+        },
+        {
+            // Undefined alt attribute
+            code: '<Image src="image.png" alt={undefined} />',
+            errors: [{ messageId: "imageNeedsAlt" }]
+        }
+    ]
+});