fix: support splitting on tuples directly

nx/lib/nx/defn/graph.ex

@@ -302,10 +302,14 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.Graph do
 
     new_expr = put_in(expr.data.args, args)
 
-    # When we split, decide what to include in the stage and create parameter replacement
     {stage_expr, result_expr} =
-      case tensor_args do
-        [] ->
+      case {tensor_args, expr.data.op, args} do
+        {_, :metadata, [wrapped_expr, _]} when is_tuple(wrapped_expr) ->
+          # We're effectively splitting on a tuple, so we need to create a
+          # stage output for each element
+          {wrapped_expr, new_expr}
+
+        {[], _, _} ->
           # No intermediate computations - create a parameter for this split operation
           # The current expression will be computed in the next stage
           param = Expr.parameter(new_expr, map_size(state.args))
@@ -320,8 +324,30 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.Graph do
 
     # Update state with parameter mapping if we created one
     state =
-      case tensor_args do
-        [] ->
+      case {tensor_args, expr.data.op, args} do
+        {_, :metadata, [wrapped_expr, _]} when is_tuple(wrapped_expr) ->
+          # Register each tuple element as a stage output and create a replacement parameter
+          {state, _} =
+            wrapped_expr
+            |> Tuple.to_list()
+            |> Enum.reduce({state, 0}, fn %T{} = elem_expr, {state, index} ->
+              param = Expr.parameter(elem_expr, index)
+
+              state = %{
+                state
+                | args:
+                    state.args
+                    |> Map.put(elem_expr.data.id, {stage_id, index})
+                    |> Map.put(param.data.id, {stage_id, index}),
+                  nodes_to_replace: Map.put(state.nodes_to_replace, elem_expr.data.id, param)
+              }
+
+              {state, index + 1}
+            end)
+
+          state
+
+        {[], _, _} ->
           # Add parameter mapping and node replacement for the split operation
           # Extract the parameter from the tuple
           param = elem(stage_expr, 0)
@@ -355,9 +381,15 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.Graph do
     {expr, {Map.put(cache, id, expr), state}}
   end
 
-  defp eval_apply(:elem, %T{data: %Expr{id: id, args: [tuple, i]}}, {cache, state}) do
-    {tuple, cache} = composite_eval(tuple, state, cache)
-    res = elem(tuple, i)
+  defp eval_apply(:elem, %T{data: %Expr{id: id, args: [tuple, i]}} = expr, {cache, state}) do
+    {tuple, {cache, state}} = composite_eval(tuple, state, cache)
+
+    res =
+      case tuple do
+        t when is_tuple(t) -> elem(t, i)
+        %T{} -> put_in(expr.data.args, [tuple, i])
+      end
+
     {res, {Map.put(cache, id, res), state}}
   end
 
@@ -420,6 +452,42 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.Graph do
     end
   end
 
+  defp rewrite_subtree(
+         %T{data: %Expr{id: id, op: :elem, args: [tuple_expr, index]}} = expr,
+         state,
+         acc
+       ) do
+    case state.nodes_to_replace do
+      %{^id => res} ->
+        {res, put_in(acc.used_args[id], res)}
+
+      _ ->
+        {tuple_expr, acc} = rewrite_subtree(tuple_expr, state, acc)
+
+        case tuple_expr do
+          # Literal tuple: turn elem into a parameter for that element
+          t when is_tuple(t) ->
+            elem_expr = elem(t, index)
+            param = Expr.parameter(elem_expr, index)
+            {param, put_in(acc.used_args[elem_expr.data.id], param)}
+
+          # Metadata-wrapped tuple: same as above
+          %T{data: %Expr{op: :metadata, args: [wrapped, _]}} when is_tuple(wrapped) ->
+            elem_expr = elem(wrapped, index)
+            param = Expr.parameter(elem_expr, index)
+            {param, put_in(acc.used_args[elem_expr.data.id], param)}
+
+          # Tuple tensor: create a parameter pointing to this index
+          %T{type: {:tuple, _}} ->
+            param = Expr.parameter(expr, index)
+            {param, put_in(acc.used_args[param.data.id], param)}
+
+          _ ->
+            {put_in(expr.data.args, [tuple_expr, index]), acc}
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
   defp rewrite_subtree(%T{data: %Expr{id: id, args: args}} = expr, state, acc) do
     case state.nodes_to_replace do
       %{^id => res} ->

nx/test/nx/defn/graph_test.exs

@@ -354,6 +354,41 @@ defmodule Nx.Defn.GraphTest do
       assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :sum, args: [a, [axes: [1], keep_axes: false]]}} = left
       assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :parameter, args: [1]}} = a
     end
+
+    test "supports splitting on tuples with metadata" do
+      expr =
+        Nx.Defn.debug_expr(fn x ->
+          y = Nx.add(x, 1)
+          z = Nx.add(x, 2)
+          w = {Nx.add(y, 3), Nx.add(z, 4)}
+          {a, b} = Nx.Defn.Expr.metadata(w, %{split: true})
+          Nx.add(a, b)
+        end).(Nx.tensor([1, 2, 3]))
+
+      split_fn = fn
+        %T{data: %Expr{op: :metadata, args: [_expr, %{split: true}]}} -> true
+        _ -> false
+      end
+
+      assert [%Stage{} = stage_0, %Stage{} = stage_1] = Graph.split(expr, split_fn)
+
+      assert [%{source: {nil, 0}}] = stage_0.arguments
+      assert {add_y, add_z} = stage_0.expr
+
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :add, args: [%T{data: %Expr{op: :constant, args: [4]}}, y]}} =
+               add_y
+
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :parameter, args: [0]}} = y
+
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :add, args: [%T{data: %Expr{op: :constant, args: [6]}}, ^y]}} =
+               add_z
+
+      assert stage_1.arguments == [%{source: {stage_0.id, 0}}, %{source: {stage_0.id, 1}}]
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :add, args: [add_y, add_z]}} = stage_1.expr
+
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :parameter, args: [0]}} = add_y
+      assert %T{data: %Expr{op: :parameter, args: [1]}} = add_z
+    end
   end
 
   describe "split/3" do