refactor: Enhance docs, add more tests in OctalToBinary

[Hardvan]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 67.21%. Comparing base (7bbdae5) to head (20ebd24).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5942      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     67.22%   67.21%   -0.01%     
+ Complexity     4564     4563       -1     
============================================
  Files           620      620              
  Lines         17147    17147              
  Branches       3309     3309              
============================================
- Hits          11527    11526       -1     
  Misses         5165     5165              
- Partials        455      456       +1     

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