diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-and-deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/test-and-deploy.yml
index 87139fd1d..891891ccd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-and-deploy.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-and-deploy.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     timeout-minutes: 20
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        ruby: [ '2.4', '2.5', '2.6', '2.7', '3.0', '3.1', '3.2', 'jruby-9.3', 'jruby-9.4' ]
+        ruby: [ '2.5', '2.6', '2.7', '3.0', '3.1', '3.2', 'jruby-9.3', 'jruby-9.4' ]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout twilio-ruby
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
diff --git a/spec/framework/request_spec.rb b/spec/framework/request_spec.rb
index 48ed577a0..423e6af09 100644
--- a/spec/framework/request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/framework/request_spec.rb
@@ -1,36 +1,132 @@
 require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Twilio::Request do
-  before do
-    @request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
-                                   'port',
-                                   'POST',
-                                   'url',
-                                   { 'param-key' => 'param-value', 'param-keytwo' => 'param-valuetwo' },
-                                   { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
-                                   { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
-                                   ['a', 'b'],
-                                   'timeout')
-  end
-
   it 'should initialize readers correctly' do
-    expect(@request.host).to eq('host')
-    expect(@request.port).to eq('port')
-    expect(@request.method).to eq('POST')
-    expect(@request.url).to eq('url')
-    expect(@request.params).to eq('param-key' => 'param-value', 'param-keytwo' => 'param-valuetwo')
-    expect(@request.data).to eq('data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo')
-    expect(@request.headers).to eq('header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo')
-    expect(@request.auth).to eq(['a', 'b'])
-    expect(@request.timeout).to eq('timeout')
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => 'param-value', 'param-keytwo' => 'param-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expect(request.host).to eq('host')
+    expect(request.port).to eq('port')
+    expect(request.method).to eq('POST')
+    expect(request.url).to eq('url')
+    expect(request.params).to eq('param-key' => 'param-value', 'param-keytwo' => 'param-valuetwo')
+    expect(request.data).to eq('data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo')
+    expect(request.headers).to eq('header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo')
+    expect(request.auth).to eq(['a', 'b'])
+    expect(request.timeout).to eq('timeout')
   end
 
   it 'should be represented correctly' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => 'param-value', 'param-keytwo' => 'param-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
     expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=param-value&param-keytwo=param-valuetwo) +
                       %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
                       %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
                       %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
                       %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
-    expect(@request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+  end
+
+  it 'should be percent encode properly' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => ':/?#[]@' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=%3A%2F%3F%23%5B%5D%40) +
+                      %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
+                      %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+  end
+
+  it 'should be percent encode properly for sub delimiters' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => '!$&\'()*+,;=' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=%21%24%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%3B%3D) +
+                      %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
+                      %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+  end
+
+  it 'should be percent encode percent encode' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => '%25' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=%2525) +
+                      %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
+                      %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+  end
+
+  it 'should be not percent encode these characters' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => '-._~' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=-._~) +
+                      %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
+                      %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
+  end
+
+  it 'tests parameter sanitation by encoding to prevent injection and XSS attacks' do
+    request = Twilio::Request.new('host',
+                                  'port',
+                                  'POST',
+                                  'url',
+                                  { 'param-key' => 'https://malicious.com/?q=<script>alert("xss")</script>' },
+                                  { 'data-key' => 'data-value', 'data-keytwo' => 'data-valuetwo' },
+                                  { 'header-key' => 'header-value', 'header-keytwo' => 'header-valuetwo' },
+                                  ['a', 'b'],
+                                  'timeout')
+    expected_string = %((a,b) POST url?param-key=https%3A%2F%2Fmalicious.com%2F%3Fq%3D%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%22xss%22%29%3C%2Fscript%3E) +
+                      %(\n-d "data-key"="data-value") +
+                      %(\n-d "data-keytwo"="data-valuetwo") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-key": "header-value") +
+                      %(\n-H "header-keytwo": "header-valuetwo")
+    expect(request.to_s).to eq(expected_string)
   end
 end