Auto merge of #119911 - NCGThompson:is-statically-known, r=oli-obk

Replacement of #114390: Add new intrinsic `is_var_statically_known` and optimize pow for powers of two

This adds a new intrinsic `is_val_statically_known` that lowers to [``@llvm.is.constant.*`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-is-constant-intrinsic).` It also applies the intrinsic in the int_pow methods to recognize and optimize the idiom `2isize.pow(x)`. See #114390 for more discussion.

While I have extended the scope of the power of two optimization from #114390, I haven't added any new uses for the intrinsic. That can be done in later pull requests.

Note: When testing or using the library, be sure to use `--stage 1` or higher. Otherwise, the intrinsic will be a noop and the doctests will be skipped. If you are trying out edits, you may be interested in [`--keep-stage 0`](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/building/suggested.html#faster-builds-with---keep-stage).

Fixes #47234
Resolves #114390
`@Centri3`

Author: bors

src/shims/intrinsics/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use std::iter;
 
 use log::trace;
 
+use rand::Rng;
 use rustc_apfloat::{Float, Round};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::LayoutOf;
 use rustc_middle::{
@@ -141,6 +142,17 @@ pub trait EvalContextExt<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir>: crate::MiriInterpCxExt<'mir, 'tcx> {
                 this.write_pointer(Pointer::new(ptr.provenance, masked_addr), dest)?;
             }
 
+            // We want to return either `true` or `false` at random, or else something like
+            // ```
+            // if !is_val_statically_known(0) { unreachable_unchecked(); }
+            // ```
+            // Would not be considered UB, or the other way around (`is_val_statically_known(0)`).
+            "is_val_statically_known" => {
+                let [_] = check_arg_count(args)?;
+                let branch: bool = this.machine.rng.get_mut().gen();
+                this.write_scalar(Scalar::from_bool(branch), dest)?;
+            }
+
             // Floating-point operations
             "fabsf32" => {
                 let [f] = check_arg_count(args)?;

tests/pass/intrinsics.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,21 @@ fn main() {
     assert_eq!(intrinsics::likely(false), false);
     assert_eq!(intrinsics::unlikely(true), true);
 
+    let mut saw_true = false;
+    let mut saw_false = false;
+
+    for _ in 0..50 {
+        if unsafe { intrinsics::is_val_statically_known(0) } {
+            saw_true = true;
+        } else {
+            saw_false = true;
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(
+        saw_true && saw_false,
+        "`is_val_statically_known` failed to return both true and false. Congrats, you won the lottery!"
+    );
+
     intrinsics::forget(Bomb);
 
     let _v = intrinsics::discriminant_value(&Some(()));