Rollup merge of #122784 - jswrenn:tag_for_variant, r=compiler-errors

Add `tag_for_variant` query

This query allows for sharing code between `rustc_const_eval` and `rustc_transmutability`. It's a precursor to a PR I'm working on to entirely replace the bespoke layout computations in `rustc_transmutability`.

r? `@compiler-errors`

Author: matthiaskrgr