|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: "虚拟化与容器化学习之路" |
| 3 | +categories: |
| 4 | + - the-way-of-learning |
| 5 | +tags: |
| 6 | + - 学习之路 |
| 7 | + - 虚拟机 |
| 8 | + - 容器 |
| 9 | +toc: true |
| 10 | +--- |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +* CPU 硬件虚拟化扩展指令集: Intel VT-x/AMD-V |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +* KVM(Kernel-based Virtual Machine): <https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page> |
| 15 | +* Xen(open source hypervisor): <https://www.xenproject.org/> |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +* QEMU(A generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer): <https://www.qemu.org/> |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +* LXC(Linux Containers): <https://linuxcontainers.org/> |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +* proxmox(open source server virtualization management solution based on QEMU/KVM and LXC): <https://pve.proxmox.com/> |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +* Hypervisor: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor> |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +## Oracle |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +### Oracle VM |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +* Oracle VM: <https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/server-storage/vm/downloads/index.html> |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +### VirtualBox |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +* VirtualBox: <https://www.virtualbox.org/> |
| 34 | +* Manual: <https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/> |
| 35 | +* Free VirtualBox® Images: <https://virtualboxes.org/images/> |
| 36 | +* VirtualBox Images: <https://www.osboxes.org/virtualbox-images/> |
| 37 | +* VMTransferFiles: <https://www.newesttools.com/vmtransfer.php> |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +* VT-x features locked or unavailable in MSR: <https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=43403&sid=5ccd991da007192f4c429c657b725eae> |
| 40 | +* 解决ubuntu下virtualbox访问usb子系统失败: <http://blog.coltcn.com/2012/03/13/virtualbox-error-failed-to-access-usb-subsystem/> |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +* VBoxManage: <https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-modifyvdi> |
| 43 | +* 增大VirtualBox虚拟硬盘容量: <http://www.cnblogs.com/zhcncn/articles/2948508.html> |
| 44 | +* VirtualBox 扩展虚拟硬盘容量: <http://blog.csdn.net/ganshuyu/article/details/17954733> |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +#### 安装CentOS后安装增强功能 |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +1. 启动CentOS,以root身份登录,进入桌面环境。 |
| 49 | +2. 执行如下命令: `yum update`+`yum install kernel-devel`+`yum install gcc` |
| 50 | +3. 重启系统 |
| 51 | +4. 安装增强功能 |
| 52 | +5. 重新启动 |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +#### Cannot register the hard disk错误解决办法 |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +virtualbox中加载已有的虚拟硬盘时出现Cannot register the hard disk错误,描述类似下面的。 |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | +```text |
| 59 | + ERROR: Cannot register the hard disk '/mnt/ee/winxp/xp.vdi' with UUID {395ae4ae-8bf9-42e5-b82a-61af9f95fbf0} because a hard disk '/mnt/ee/winxp/xp.vdi' with UUID {395ae4ae-8bf9-42e5-b82a-61af9f95fbf0} already exists in the media registry ('/home/pzye/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml') |
| 60 | + Details: code NS_ERROR_INVALID_ARG (0x80070057), component VirtualBox, interface IVirtualBox, callee nsISupports |
| 61 | + Context: "OpenHardDisk(Bstr(szFilenameAbs), AccessMode_ReadWrite, srcDisk.asOutParam())" at line 603 of file VBoxManageDisk.cpp |
| 62 | +``` |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +解决方法如下:关闭virtualbox,重新启动它,它会检测虚拟硬盘,可能会检测出来一些虚拟硬盘,请将其删除,然后就不会出现这个问题了。 |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +#### virtualbox命令行共享CentOS目录 |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +1. 安装virtualbox增强工具 |
| 69 | +2. 设置共享文件夹:完成后点击"设备(Devices)" -> 共享文件夹(Shared Folders)菜单,添加一个共享文件夹,选项固定和临时是指该文件夹是否是持久的。共享名可以随意取,如"jiangxin",尽量使用英文名称,不要有空格。 |
| 70 | +3. 挂载共享文件夹,在命令行终端下输入:`mkdir /mnt/jiangxin`+`mount -t vboxsf jiangxin /mnt/jiangxin`,其中`jiangxin`是之前创建的共享文件夹的名字。现在虚拟机和主机可以互传文件了。如不想每次都手动挂载,可以在/etc/fstab中添加一项:`jiangxin /mnt/jiangxin vboxsf rw,gid=100,uid=1000,auto 0 0` |
| 71 | +4. 卸载的话使用下面的命令: `umount -f /mnt/jiangxin` |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | +#### Windows 8.1+VirtualBox较新版本打开虚拟机时报错 |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +报错信息: |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +```text |
| 78 | + Unable to load R3 module D:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox/VBoxDD.dll |
| 79 | + (VBoxDD):GetLastError=1790 |
| 80 | + (VERR_UNRESOLVED_ERROR) |
| 81 | +``` |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +解决办法是在Windows/system32下: |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +* themeui.dll.old.tweakcube替换themeui.dll |
| 86 | +* uxtheme.dll.old.tweakcube替换uxtheme.dll |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +如果是Windows 7中遇到类似问题,参考:<http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ab69b270bb7b2a2ca6189f6d.html> |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +## Vmware |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +* VMware: <https://www.vmware.com/> |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | +### 服务器Hypervisor |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | +1998 VMware 公司成立 |
| 97 | + ├─ 1999 VMware Workstation(第一代,宿主型) |
| 98 | + ├─ 2001 VMware GSX Server(服务器宿主型,已死) |
| 99 | + └─ 2001 VMware ESX(第一代裸金属) |
| 100 | + ├─ 2003 vCenter 前身 VirtualCenter |
| 101 | + ├─ 2009 ESXi(去 Linux 服务控制台,轻量) |
| 102 | + │ └─ 今天 vSphere 套件核心 |
| 103 | + └─ 2014 ESX 彻底停更(路线全部并到 ESXi) |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +简单理解: |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +* ESXi 是“地基+承重墙”——裸金属虚拟化操作系统,直接装服务器上,真正让 CPU/内存/网卡变成资源池。 |
| 108 | +* vCenter Server 是“物业中控室”——一台单独部署的虚拟机(或物理机),集中管理整栋楼的所有 ESXi 主机。 |
| 109 | +* vSphere 是整栋楼的“楼盘品牌”——它=地基(ESXi)+物业(vCenter)+门禁/电梯/消防等可选组件(vSAN、vMotion、HA、DRS…),打包卖给你。 |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +* vSphere正确分配虚拟机CPU资源: <http://xjlegend.blog.51cto.com/59163/1642460> |
| 112 | +* 如何通过Vmware vSphere Client安装虚拟机教程: <http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/bea41d439726c1b4c51be629.html> |
| 113 | +* VMWARE ESXI 虚拟硬盘的格式:精简置备、厚置备延迟置零、厚置备置零: <http://blog.csdn.net/xiaoxing1521025/article/details/51282248> |
| 114 | +* Download link for All Versions of VMware vSphere Client: <http://www.vmwarearena.com/download-link-for-all-versions-of-vmware-vsphere-client/> |
| 115 | +* [vSphere 6] vmclicent连接单机时报错: <http://bbs.vmsky.com/thread-55705-1-1.html> |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +### 桌面Hypervisor |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | +* Workstation/Fusion: <https://www.vmware.com/products/desktop-hypervisor/workstation-and-fusion.html> |
| 120 | +* Workstation Player and Fusion Player are no longer being sold: <https://www.vmware.com/docs/desktop-hypervisor-faqs> |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +## Microsoft |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +* Hyper-V: <https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/> |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +2004 Microsoft Virtual PC(收购 Connectix) |
| 127 | + ├─ 2007 改名为 "Virtual PC 2007" |
| 128 | + └─ 2009 随 Win7 发布再次改名 → "Windows Virtual PC" |
| 129 | + | 仅支持 Win7 专业版/旗舰版 |
| 130 | + | 主打 "XP Mode" 一键运行老程序 |
| 131 | + ↓ |
| 132 | +2012 官方停止开发,下载链接 2025 已下架 |
| 133 | + ↓ |
| 134 | +2008 微软推出 Hyper-V(Windows Server 2008 角色) |
| 135 | + ├─ 2012 随 Windows 8 进入客户端(Pro/Enterprise) |
| 136 | + └─ 2025 今天:Win11/WinServer 2025 默认虚拟化底座 |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +简单理解: |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +* Virtual PC/Windows Virtual PC → Win7 时代的“老玩具”,32 位单核,已进博物馆。 |
| 141 | +* Hyper-V → 从 Win8 起接班的“正规军”,裸金属、企业级,现在 Win11/WSL2 都靠它跑。 |
| 142 | + |
| 143 | +## docker |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +* <http://www.docker.com/> |
| 146 | +* <https://hub.docker.com/> |
| 147 | +* About images, containers, and storage drivers: <https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/storagedriver/imagesandcontainers/> |
| 148 | +* Install: <https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#install-using-the-repository> |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +* Kubernetes: <https://kubernetes.io/> |
| 151 | +* Kubernetes指南: <https://kubernetes.feisky.xyz/> |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +* Docker —— 从入门到实践: <https://www.gitbook.com/book/yeasy/docker_practice/details> |
| 154 | +* docker中文: <http://www.docker.org.cn/> |
| 155 | +* DOCKER windows安装: <http://blog.csdn.net/zistxym/article/details/42918339> |
| 156 | +* boot2docker: <http://boot2docker.io/> |
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