From 58d4821a47783c0377da031075708722a91b5887 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?WKZ=E5=8A=9E=E5=85=AC=E7=94=B5=E8=84=91?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2025 08:50:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/14] test202511060850 --- new-test-20251106.txt | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 new-test-20251106.txt diff --git a/new-test-20251106.txt b/new-test-20251106.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b7e60900 --- /dev/null +++ b/new-test-20251106.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +1232 \ No newline at end of file From 6a2aa462c5f07b5643192322151938aa3b98d30b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E5=85=8B=E7=AB=A0?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 22:18:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/14] test-20251118 --- .../markdown\350\257\255\346\263\225.ipynb" | 68 +++++++++++++++++++ ...344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" | 39 +++++++++++ 2 files changed, 107 insertions(+) create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown\350\257\255\346\263\225.ipynb" create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown\350\257\255\346\263\225.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown\350\257\255\346\263\225.ipynb" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6763da46d --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown\350\257\255\346\263\225.ipynb" @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "44897e58", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 一、标题（#）\n", + "### 三级标题\n", + "#### 四级标题\n", + "\n", + "## 二、段落与换行\n", + "这是第一段。（空一行=新段落）\n", + "\n", + "这是第二段（行末两个空格=换行） \n", + "换行后的内容\n", + "## 三、粗体\n", + "**粗体** \n", + "*斜体* \n", + "~~删除线~~ \n", + "也可以组合 **加粗*内部斜体*组合**\n", + "## 四、列表\n", + "无序列表： \n", + "- 项目1 \n", + "- 项目2 \n", + " -项目2.1 \n", + "\n", + "有序列表： \n", + "1. 项目1 \n", + "2. 项目2 \n", + "2.1 项目2.1 \n", + "2.2 项目2.2 \n", + "## 五、引用（>）\n", + "> 这是引用 \n", + "> 可以多行\n", + "## 六、代码\n", + "请执行 `print('Hello World')`\n", + "代码块： \n", + "```python\n", + "ded add(a,b):\n", + " return a + b\n", + "```\n", + "## 七、表格\n", + "|姓名|年龄|城市|\n", + "|------|------|------|\n", + "|张三|20|北京|\n", + "|李四|25|上海|\n", + "## 八、链接与图片\n", + "[超链接名称](http://www/baidu.com) \n", + "![超链接名称](https://www.baidu.com/img/flexible/logo/pc/result.png) \n", + "或者使用本地图片也可以\n", + "## 九、分割线（---或者***）\n", + "---\n", + "---\n", + "## 十、任务列表\n", + "- [x] 已完成任务 \n", + "- [ ] 待办任务\n" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "name": "python" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a884a2ce5 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b3779ea9", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 需要认真梳理Python基础知识！ \n", + "> 结构划分 \n", + " - 环境准备相关\n", + " - 基础语法 \n", + " - 变量 \n", + " - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", + " - 分支、循环结构\n", + " \n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "08c8aa7f", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "name": "python", + "version": "3.13.0" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} From 8c3e21796443ac8e589aea4a7773df0b03e25205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E5=85=8B=E7=AB=A0?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 22:28:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/14] 202511282228 --- ...\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" | 208 ++++++++++++++++++ ...344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" | 39 ---- 2 files changed, 208 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" delete mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5da38a643 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b3779ea9", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 前言" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "08c8aa7f", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> Python基础知识结构划分: \n", + "> - 环境准备相关\n", + "> - 基础语法 \n", + "> - 变量 \n", + "> - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", + "> - 分支、循环结构\n", + "> - 函数和模块\n", + "> - 面向对象编程" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 环境准备相关\n", + "- 环境变量的问题 \n", + "\n", + "- Python编码的运行界面\n", + " - cmd\n", + " - IDE\n", + "\n", + "- 二进制、八进制、十进制、十六进制\n", + "\n", + "- ASCII码、Unicode码" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "d9525ae6", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 基础语法\n", + "- 注释\n", + "- 换行问题\n", + "- 缩进\n", + " - 必须缩进4个空格\n", + "- 关键字\n", + "- print格式化输出\n", + "- 运算符（优先级从高到低）\n", + " - 比较运算符：> >= < <= == !=\n", + " - 赋值运算符：= += *=\n", + " - 逻辑预算符：and or not\n", + " - 数学运算符： + - * / % // **" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b30f7a39", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 变量\n", + "- 变量含义\n", + " Python中的变量代表内存中的一个位置？\n", + "- 变量命名规则 \n", + " - Python变量允许以数字+字符（理解为英文字母）+符号，如涉及多个单词之间建议用下划线 \n", + " - 常量为大写\n", + "- 变量类型（需要整合为表格）\n", + " - 可变类型\n", + " - 整数（int）\n", + " - 浮点数（float）\n", + " - 列表(list)\n", + " - \n", + " - 不可变类型\n", + " - 字符串(str)\n", + " - 元组(tuple)\n", + " - 字典(dict)\n", + " - 变量类型的转换\n", + " - 类型转换函数（应该是区分了强制转换和自动转换？）\n", + " - 转换为整数 `int(x)`，转换时可带进制\n", + " - 转换为浮点数`float(x)`\n", + " - 转换为字符串`str(x)`\n", + " - 转换为列表`list(x)`\n", + " - 转换为元组`tuple(x)`\n", + " - 转换为字典？\n", + " - 自动转换\n", + " - 带有浮点数的数学运算的结果，均为float类型 2/1 = 2.0\n", + " - \n", + "- 变量的声明\n", + " - 元组的声明，`tup1 = (1,)`,必须带括号，否则仅为仅为用于确定运算顺序的括号\n", + " - 字典的声明，\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ec409422", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 基本数据类型\n", + "数据类型对应的方法\n", + "string.split()?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "bcbe2001", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 分支循环结构\n", + "- 分支结构 \n", + " if elif else" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "id": "c7644079", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "成绩优秀\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a = 100\n", + "if a>90:\n", + " print('成绩优秀')\n", + "elif a>60:\n", + " print('成绩合格')\n", + "else:\n", + " print('成绩不合格')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "202e48e0", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "- 循环结构 \n", + " while循环\n", + " for循环\n", + " range函数的问题" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "a573f908", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 函数\n", + "- 函数的定义\n", + " Python内的函数为\n", + "- 内置函数\n", + "- 装饰器\n", + "- 递归调用" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ff4a1328", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 模块\n", + "- 标准库？" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "6392017b", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 面向对象\n", + "- 类的定义\n", + "- 类的属性、方法" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "base", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.7" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" deleted file mode 100644 index a884a2ce5..000000000 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260.ipynb" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b3779ea9", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "> 需要认真梳理Python基础知识！ \n", - "> 结构划分 \n", - " - 环境准备相关\n", - " - 基础语法 \n", - " - 变量 \n", - " - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", - " - 分支、循环结构\n", - " \n", - "\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "08c8aa7f", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "name": "python", - "version": "3.13.0" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 5 -} From 653a2a440bdb538315220c6e3009a6271614cd25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E5=85=8B=E7=AB=A0?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 23:04:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/14] =?UTF-8?q?git=E5=B7=A5=E4=BD=9C=E6=B5=81=E7=A8=8B?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...45\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 47 +++++++++++++++ .../image.png" | Bin 0 -> 53258 bytes .../markdown.md" | 54 ++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 101 insertions(+) create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/image.png" create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown.md" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9117efdac --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## Git 工作流程 +本章节我们将为大家介绍 Git 的工作流程。 + +下图展示了 Git 的工作流程： +![Git 的工作流程](image.png) + +### 1、克隆仓库 +如果你要参与一个已有的项目，首先需要将远程仓库克隆到本地： +``` +git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git +cd repo +``` +### 2、创建新分支 +为了避免直接在 main 或 master 分支上进行开发，通常会创建一个新的分支： +`git checkout -b new-feature` +### 3、工作目录 +在工作目录中进行代码编辑、添加新文件或删除不需要的文件。 +### 4、暂存文件 +将修改过的文件添加到暂存区，以便进行下一步的提交操作： +`git add filename` +或者添加所有修改的文件 +`git add .` +### 5、提交更改 +将暂存区的更改提交到本地仓库，并添加提交信息： +`git commit -m "Add new feature"` +### 6、拉取最新更改 +在推送本地更改之前，最好从远程仓库拉取最新的更改，以避免冲突： +`git pull origin main` +或者如果在新的分支上工作 +`git pull origin new-feature` +### 7、推送更改 +将本地的提交推送到远程仓库： +`git push origin new-feature` +### 8、创建 Pull Request（PR） +在 GitHub 或其他托管平台上创建 Pull Request，邀请团队成员进行代码审查。PR 合并后，你的更改就会合并到主分支。 +### 9、合并更改 +在 PR 审核通过并合并后，可以将远程仓库的主分支合并到本地分支： +``` +git checkout main +git pull origin main +git merge new-feature +``` +### 10、删除分支 +如果不再需要新功能分支，可以将其删除： +`git branch -d new-feature` +或者从远程仓库删除分支： +`git push origin --delete new-feature` \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/image.png" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/image.png" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..768579417cad153aef9ad1a8bf2a8e28b663e830 GIT binary patch literal 53258 zcmZs@byO7I6F#hn64D{5G$=@SE1=|pNJ&exba#lrA}t_Dw{&-hOM}$X-AJc&ychj^ ze{Y=koc)Wld+*$txij<3JeRt^RGi3wF6MUeERnZ 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zf6{a_ym)RrUEG#p(ZIoF7Wi27VPC=^Ej;vGnfDaa%1a3u8qsl`@sCbZ~i1EeWXh)v~A|KI7?^2i@cWp9a7`x-d&pP%o{6D zG1_NKg&&2d+wGr(le2qbH6_cb{A{MhCQV>ujEyoQM}9Us5ZIyQO4Yj zg;!QJ01j+P8^~jRHIPV?ieo;!S}d^3ie>-8c6B3)kW%}$LRHyb{(WA4jgi5hlzg*3 zDsf65Ev^mb;=VS1=IHaYr=>no7gsoP@JQ20GqEQTEIEqq*Mat`-a|gb3p!wNHg+0} zWVkE}J<9|77dZ|bJ{hC-x^4=X}l^V0@(zvTz);M|=rb3Z$e*QeU3 zQGrGE`r|$9Yut29cb3`EM5wBs0r5i(^0Mr1ok29ujO*#<8M;g4g#?#d?b@ZIHBl_2 zDIJ)!T-isu+q0!Rp@h%QsnqS=g{>^b#X?dnvARN$8k|2}7qTfuAIc*y@NbZJthGv< zUr$@eT>OOxo0WQ_MHD;J*@R|d!QiA@s2|gC$kSni&M(woT&+FyL@2bLm5vgEYVdHa zJbNKAQA8U)$yz&Fb~G%nyP?3=#x9{il|B=jcuW3p#Nse*0VBKAu(p}pb4Ck`xK@0x z7l`;-A|%B|{@MUZ-R#86WajQm>Qbtmi)BNP9f{>8KX+o;!51OEVAY`j{)J{Z_m*bXwS0%IHP?86isz+Y<|C4N@(o zU-qj!vPzR8KjyFt*pZZ$>B)9G@0`W;Ci~V%RawgrQCp3sr9w9z9}eu|yb@!;`E!Kx zQnysedB5|wA4^Qs?(uzR7=Xv0*h^wHWO7n>-OOHhNiNQjV_JUA`G8a>5hg<1$YQe6 zo_$uDIj*i|Q?1acP!V(6b&(=9s4QJ)&(Wv5>b=;z)qikYlxpPWFt#;DQi_(#zUL>a zanuT!X&SMpoKC!`Gktcbk15z|+Jfp>B7G=)(WTC*^7F?+BcIueEk0Ll>2uomY07Qs zPrn0l6NmL(tOAU_GznfLFN8&2@vGrE-=2@#6+;d!Z(7zevi$Q{T)skp+h9>^3LlhX z{oN5JIg6+PXDQVin)U6kc@V(fhfnzb73R?vS_PLDQeBuj*2C6D{F{-!P@(BJ3o zZ~esx0$H~sxNeEr@|E#%JkbX!es9_tk7b76a#vh=#|Zjqr1SXSwGO>2=6fiEeMXIm niRsUu+Qo;b@B Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 23:05:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/14] =?UTF-8?q?git=E5=B7=A5=E4=BD=9C=E6=B5=81=E7=A8=8B?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../markdown.md" | 54 ------------------- 1 file changed, 54 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown.md" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown.md" deleted file mode 100644 index 16376b0e0..000000000 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/markdown.md" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -Git 工作流程 -本章节我们将为大家介绍 Git 的工作流程。 - -下图展示了 Git 的工作流程： - - -1、克隆仓库 -如果你要参与一个已有的项目，首先需要将远程仓库克隆到本地： - -git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git -cd repo -2、创建新分支 -为了避免直接在 main 或 master 分支上进行开发，通常会创建一个新的分支： - -git checkout -b new-feature -3、工作目录 -在工作目录中进行代码编辑、添加新文件或删除不需要的文件。 - -4、暂存文件 -将修改过的文件添加到暂存区，以便进行下一步的提交操作： - -git add filename -# 或者添加所有修改的文件 -git add . -5、提交更改 -将暂存区的更改提交到本地仓库，并添加提交信息： - -git commit -m "Add new feature" -6、拉取最新更改 -在推送本地更改之前，最好从远程仓库拉取最新的更改，以避免冲突： - -git pull origin main -# 或者如果在新的分支上工作 -git pull origin new-feature -7、推送更改 -将本地的提交推送到远程仓库： - -git push origin new-feature -8、创建 Pull Request（PR） -在 GitHub 或其他托管平台上创建 Pull Request，邀请团队成员进行代码审查。PR 合并后，你的更改就会合并到主分支。 - -9、合并更改 -在 PR 审核通过并合并后，可以将远程仓库的主分支合并到本地分支： - -git checkout main -git pull origin main -git merge new-feature -10、删除分支 -如果不再需要新功能分支，可以将其删除： - -git branch -d new-feature -或者从远程仓库删除分支： - -git push origin --delete new-feature \ No newline at end of file From 912d96d15b8e9350038d8091dfde10430a02d4bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AllenWang1342752 <97282381+AllenWang1342752@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 07:57:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/14] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20git=E5=B7=A5?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E6=B5=81=E7=A8=8B.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" index 9117efdac..ec137c709 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -44,4 +44,7 @@ git merge new-feature 如果不再需要新功能分支，可以将其删除： `git branch -d new-feature` 或者从远程仓库删除分支： -`git push origin --delete new-feature` \ No newline at end of file +`git push origin --delete new-feature` + +### 如果需要从github往本地下载文件怎么办， +只下载部分文件而且这些文件已经在本地了， \ No newline at end of file From ab056bada7e6e4db70a6875da4e9059be2b16ef4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AllenWang1342752 <97282381+AllenWang1342752@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 07:59:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/14] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20git=E5=B7=A5?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E6=B5=81=E7=A8=8B.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" index ec137c709..7cb3f1463 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git cd repo ``` +> 只能全部克隆吗，还是可以只下载部分， +> 远程仓库的修改是否可以覆盖本地的文件 + + ### 2、创建新分支 为了避免直接在 main 或 master 分支上进行开发，通常会创建一个新的分支： `git checkout -b new-feature` From c80bdc279759dd280df2140a30391edb36695d94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: AllenWang1342752 <97282381+AllenWang1342752@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 08:28:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/14] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20git=E5=B7=A5?= =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=9C=E6=B5=81=E7=A8=8B.md?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- .../git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" index 7cb3f1463..349a711af 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ cd repo `git pull origin main` 或者如果在新的分支上工作 `git pull origin new-feature` +> 最新的更改，指的是最新远程仓库上面的信息吗？ ### 7、推送更改 将本地的提交推送到远程仓库： `git push origin new-feature` From 7cdea977e2d3c0557cfa61a884e11b6727b4654d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?WKZ=E5=8A=9E=E5=85=AC=E7=94=B5=E8=84=91?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2025 12:35:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/14] =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9git=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=9C=E7=A8=8B=E4=BB=93=E5=BA=93=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E5=88=B0?= =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9C=AC=E5=9C=B0=E7=9A=84=E6=93=8D=E4=BD=9C?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...it\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 8 ++++++-- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" index 349a711af..72f42492f 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git cd repo ``` -> 只能全部克隆吗，还是可以只下载部分， -> 远程仓库的修改是否可以覆盖本地的文件 +> 问题1：如何只下载某个文件，不是克隆整个仓库 +#### 如果确定远程为准，直接覆盖掉本地文件 +`git status`可以看未提交的修改（工作区+暂存区） +`nothing to commit,working tree clean`则为干干净净，表示无任何修改 +`git pull`只看提交记录是否一致，不管本地是否修改了文件。 +`git pull = git fetch + git merge`,git会比较本地当前分支的commit ID和远程当前分支的commit ID，如果两个ID一样，就会认为是`already up to date` ### 2、创建新分支 为了避免直接在 main 或 master 分支上进行开发，通常会创建一个新的分支： From 902a5c82c03df1e753dfe8a6be5bb053adab7885 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?WKZ=E5=8A=9E=E5=85=AC=E7=94=B5=E8=84=91?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2025 12:32:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/14] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3-2025?= =?UTF-8?q?1120?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" | 10 + ...347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" | 350 ++++++++++++++++++ ...45\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" | 3 +- ...\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" | 208 ----------- 4 files changed, 362 insertions(+), 209 deletions(-) create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" delete mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c55a2876b --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +{ + "cells": [], + "metadata": { + "language_info": { + "name": "python" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4531c4f4 --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" @@ -0,0 +1,350 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b3779ea9", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## 前言" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "08c8aa7f", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> Python基础知识结构划分: \n", + "> - 环境准备相关\n", + "> - 基础语法 \n", + "> - 变量 \n", + "> - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", + "> - 分支、循环结构\n", + "> - 函数和模块\n", + "> - 面向对象编程" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 环境准备相关\n", + "- 环境变量的问题 \n", + "\n", + "- Python编码的运行界面\n", + " - cmd\n", + " - IDE\n", + "\n", + "- 二进制、八进制、十进制、十六进制\n", + "\n", + "- ASCII码、Unicode码" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "d9525ae6", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 基础语法\n", + "- 注释\n", + "- 换行问题\n", + "- 缩进\n", + " - 必须缩进4个空格\n", + "- 关键字\n", + "- print格式化输出\n", + "- 运算符（优先级从高到低）\n", + " - 比较运算符：> >= < <= == !=\n", + " - 赋值运算符：= += *=\n", + " - 逻辑预算符：and or not\n", + " - 数学运算符： + - * / % // **" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b30f7a39", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 变量\n", + "- 变量含义\n", + " Python中的变量代表内存中的一个位置？\n", + "- 变量命名规则 \n", + " - Python变量允许以数字+字符（理解为英文字母）+符号，如涉及多个单词之间建议用下划线 \n", + " - 常量为大写\n", + "- 变量类型（需要整合为表格）\n", + " - 可变类型\n", + " - 整数（int）\n", + " - 浮点数（float）\n", + " - 列表(list)\n", + " - \n", + " - 不可变类型\n", + " - 字符串(str)\n", + " - 元组(tuple)\n", + " - 字典(dict)\n", + " - 变量类型的转换\n", + " - 类型转换函数（应该是区分了强制转换和自动转换？）\n", + " - 转换为整数 `int(x)`，转换时可带进制\n", + " - 转换为浮点数`float(x)`\n", + " - 转换为字符串`str(x)`\n", + " - 转换为列表`list(x)`\n", + " - 转换为元组`tuple(x)`\n", + " - 转换为字典？\n", + " - 自动转换\n", + " - 带有浮点数的数学运算的结果，均为float类型 2/1 = 2.0\n", + " - \n", + "- 变量的声明\n", + " - 元组的声明，`tup1 = (1,)`,必须带括号，否则仅为仅为用于确定运算顺序的括号\n", + " - 字典的声明，\n", + " " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ec409422", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 基本数据类型\n", + "数据类型对应的方法\n", + "string.split()?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "bcbe2001", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 分支循环结构\n", + "- 分支结构 \n", + " if elif else" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 8, + "id": "c7644079", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "成绩优秀\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "a = 100\n", + "if a>90:\n", + " print('成绩优秀')\n", + "elif a>60:\n", + " print('成绩合格')\n", + "else:\n", + " print('成绩不合格')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "202e48e0", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "- 循环结构 \n", + " while循环\n", + " for循环\n", + " range函数的问题" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "a573f908", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 函数\n", + "- 函数的定义\n", + " Python内的函数为\n", + "- 内置函数\n", + "- 装饰器\n", + "- 递归调用" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "ff4a1328", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 模块\n", + "- 标准库？" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "6392017b", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 面向对象\n", + "#### 面向对象的含义 \n", + "面向对象编程是一种编程范式（即程序设计的方法论）。\n", + "在面向对象编程的世界里，程序中的**数据和操作数据的函数是一个逻辑上的整体**，称之为**对象**。 \n", + "\n", + "对象可以接受消息，解决问题的方法就是创建对象并向对象发出各种各样的消息；通过消息传递，程序中的多个对象可以协同工作，这样就能构造出复杂的系统并解决现实中的问题。\n", + "> 面向对象编程：把一组数据和处理数据的方法组成**对象**，把行为相同的对象归纳为**类**，通过**封装**隐藏对象的内部细节，通过**继承**实现类的特化和泛化，通过**多态**实现基于对象类型的动态分派。\n", + "> - 封装：隐藏内部实现细节，往外暴露简单调用接口。例如在类中定义对象的方法就是封装，给对象发一个消息（即不用明确具体实现）就可以执行方法中的代码。\n", + "#### 面向对象编程三步走\n", + "第一步：定义类 \n", + "第二步：创建对象 \n", + "第三步：给对象发消息\n", + "Python内置的list、set、dict都是提前定义好的类，可以跳过第一步； \n", + "如果第一步、第二部都提前走了，就是某些内置对象，可以“开箱即用”。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "cd6c2b68", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### 类和对象\n", + "含义：类是对象的蓝图和模板(例如人类)，对象是类的实例（例如具体的人），是可以接受消息的实体。 \n", + "> 一切皆为对象，对象都有属性和行为，每个对象都是独一无二的，而且对象一定属于某个类。 \n", + "> 接收消息是什么意思？\n", + "\n", + "属性：属性是对象的静态特征，行为（方法）是对象的动态特征。具有共同特征的对象和属性和行为抽取出来就可以定义一个类。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "cb0d8728", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "类的定义和使用：" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "04fdc6f2", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "<__main__.Student object at 0x0000024596C1A2D0>\n", + "<__main__.Student object at 0x00000245968E7D40>\n", + "0x24596c1a2d0 0x245968e7d40\n", + "王克章正在学习Python程序设计.\n", + "王大锤学生正在玩游戏.\n", + "王克章正在学习Python程序设计.\n", + "王大锤学生正在玩游戏.\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "### 类的创建 ###\n", + "class Student:\n", + "\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age): # 初始化方法,即常见对象时，\n", + " #首先会在内存中获取对象的所需的内存空间，然后会自动执行该方法，完成对内存的初始化操作\n", + " self.name = name # 对象属性赋初始化值\n", + " self.age = age # = 右侧的age是传入的参数\n", + "\n", + " def study(self,course_name):\n", + " print(f'{self.name}正在学习{course_name}.')\n", + "\n", + " def play(self):\n", + " print(f'{self.name}学生正在玩游戏.')\n", + "\n", + "### 类的使用 ### \n", + "stu1 = Student('王克章',28) # 构造器语法创建类的对象,此时会传入类的初始化参数\n", + "stu2 = Student('王大锤',25)\n", + "print(stu1) \n", + "# 输出 <__main__.Student object at 0x000002459692B2C0>\n", + "# 上面这个输出代表是一个Student类的对象，以及这个对象的以十六进制表示的内存地址\n", + "# __main__表示Student类定义在主模块中（当前脚本）\n", + "print(stu2) \n", + "# 输出 <__main__.Student object at 0x000002459692B2C0>\n", + "print(hex(id(stu1)),hex(id(stu2)))\n", + "# 函数hex()将整数转为十六进制字符串\n", + "# 函数id()返回对象在内存中的唯一标识(一般是内存地址)，该标识在对象的全生命周期内保持一致\n", + "stu3 = stu2 # 并没有创建新的对象\n", + "# 变量存的是一个对象在内存中的逻辑地址（位置）\n", + "\n", + "### 调用对象的方法 ###\n", + "Student.study(stu1,'Python程序设计')# 类.方法(接收消息的对象,方法入参) 来调用\n", + "Student.play(stu2)\n", + "stu1.study('Python程序设计')# 对象.方法(仅为方法入参)来调用\n", + "stu2.play()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "52825732", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 写在类里面的函数我们通常称之为方法，方法就是对象的行为，也就是对象可以接收的消息。方法的第一个参数通常都是self，它代表了接收这个消息的对象本身。 \n", + "> 这个self怎么理解？\n", + "> 是不是类中定义的所有函数的第一个参数都要是self?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "aa224ddb", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 面向对象案例\n", + "例子1：时钟\n", + "> 要求：定义一个类描述数字时钟，提供走字和显示时间的功能。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 22, + "id": "4922cdf1", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "1763612929.0186808\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import time\n", + "\n", + "class Clock: # 定义时钟类\n", + " def __init__(self,hour,minute):\n", + " self.hour = hour\n", + " self.miute = minute\n", + " \n", + " def display_time(self): # 显示当前时间函数\n", + " print(time.time())\n", + " \n", + " #def add_time(self,hour,minute): # 调整当前时间\n", + "\n", + "clock1 = Clock(12,26)\n", + "clock1.display_time()\n", + "\n", + " " + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "base", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.7" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" index 72f42492f..a16b892f3 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/git\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" @@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ cd repo `git status`可以看未提交的修改（工作区+暂存区） `nothing to commit,working tree clean`则为干干净净，表示无任何修改 `git pull`只看提交记录是否一致，不管本地是否修改了文件。 -`git pull = git fetch + git merge`,git会比较本地当前分支的commit ID和远程当前分支的commit ID，如果两个ID一样，就会认为是`already up to date` +`git pull = git fetch + git merge`,git会比较本地当前分支的commit ID和远程当前分支的commit ID，如果两个ID一样，就会认为是`already up to date` +即使执行`git commit`，也是将文件在本地做了提交，需要再执行`git push origin master`才可以将本地的提交，提交到远程仓库 ### 2、创建新分支 为了避免直接在 main 或 master 分支上进行开发，通常会创建一个新的分支： diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" deleted file mode 100644 index 5da38a643..000000000 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/python\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260(1).ipynb" +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b3779ea9", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "## 前言" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "08c8aa7f", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "> Python基础知识结构划分: \n", - "> - 环境准备相关\n", - "> - 基础语法 \n", - "> - 变量 \n", - "> - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", - "> - 分支、循环结构\n", - "> - 函数和模块\n", - "> - 面向对象编程" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 环境准备相关\n", - "- 环境变量的问题 \n", - "\n", - "- Python编码的运行界面\n", - " - cmd\n", - " - IDE\n", - "\n", - "- 二进制、八进制、十进制、十六进制\n", - "\n", - "- ASCII码、Unicode码" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "d9525ae6", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 基础语法\n", - "- 注释\n", - "- 换行问题\n", - "- 缩进\n", - " - 必须缩进4个空格\n", - "- 关键字\n", - "- print格式化输出\n", - "- 运算符（优先级从高到低）\n", - " - 比较运算符：> >= < <= == !=\n", - " - 赋值运算符：= += *=\n", - " - 逻辑预算符：and or not\n", - " - 数学运算符： + - * / % // **" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b30f7a39", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 变量\n", - "- 变量含义\n", - " Python中的变量代表内存中的一个位置？\n", - "- 变量命名规则 \n", - " - Python变量允许以数字+字符（理解为英文字母）+符号，如涉及多个单词之间建议用下划线 \n", - " - 常量为大写\n", - "- 变量类型（需要整合为表格）\n", - " - 可变类型\n", - " - 整数（int）\n", - " - 浮点数（float）\n", - " - 列表(list)\n", - " - \n", - " - 不可变类型\n", - " - 字符串(str)\n", - " - 元组(tuple)\n", - " - 字典(dict)\n", - " - 变量类型的转换\n", - " - 类型转换函数（应该是区分了强制转换和自动转换？）\n", - " - 转换为整数 `int(x)`，转换时可带进制\n", - " - 转换为浮点数`float(x)`\n", - " - 转换为字符串`str(x)`\n", - " - 转换为列表`list(x)`\n", - " - 转换为元组`tuple(x)`\n", - " - 转换为字典？\n", - " - 自动转换\n", - " - 带有浮点数的数学运算的结果，均为float类型 2/1 = 2.0\n", - " - \n", - "- 变量的声明\n", - " - 元组的声明，`tup1 = (1,)`,必须带括号，否则仅为仅为用于确定运算顺序的括号\n", - " - 字典的声明，\n", - " " - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ec409422", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 基本数据类型\n", - "数据类型对应的方法\n", - "string.split()?" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "bcbe2001", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 分支循环结构\n", - "- 分支结构 \n", - " if elif else" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 8, - "id": "c7644079", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "成绩优秀\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ - "a = 100\n", - "if a>90:\n", - " print('成绩优秀')\n", - "elif a>60:\n", - " print('成绩合格')\n", - "else:\n", - " print('成绩不合格')" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "202e48e0", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "- 循环结构 \n", - " while循环\n", - " for循环\n", - " range函数的问题" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "a573f908", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 函数\n", - "- 函数的定义\n", - " Python内的函数为\n", - "- 内置函数\n", - "- 装饰器\n", - "- 递归调用" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "ff4a1328", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 模块\n", - "- 标准库？" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "6392017b", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### 面向对象\n", - "- 类的定义\n", - "- 类的属性、方法" - ] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "base", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 3 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.12.7" - } - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 5 -} From b6f2f7e9b8fa28cbc81a62ec900e044390c748a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?WKZ=E5=8A=9E=E5=85=AC=E7=94=B5=E8=84=91?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2025 20:52:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/14] 20251125 --- ...345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" | 12 +- ...347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" | 387 +++++++++++++++++- 2 files changed, 385 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" index c55a2876b..972b4c4a3 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Pyhton\345\270\270\347\224\250\346\250\241\345\235\227\345\217\212\345\207\275\346\225\260.ipynb" @@ -1,5 +1,15 @@ { - "cells": [], + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "time 模块\n", + "print()\n", + "str()" + ] + } + ], "metadata": { "language_info": { "name": "python" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" index f4531c4f4..5ab2158ce 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" @@ -182,14 +182,16 @@ "#### 面向对象的含义 \n", "面向对象编程是一种编程范式（即程序设计的方法论）。\n", "在面向对象编程的世界里，程序中的**数据和操作数据的函数是一个逻辑上的整体**，称之为**对象**。 \n", + "> 还有指令式变成、函数式编程等编程范式。\n", "\n", "对象可以接受消息，解决问题的方法就是创建对象并向对象发出各种各样的消息；通过消息传递，程序中的多个对象可以协同工作，这样就能构造出复杂的系统并解决现实中的问题。\n", "> 面向对象编程：把一组数据和处理数据的方法组成**对象**，把行为相同的对象归纳为**类**，通过**封装**隐藏对象的内部细节，通过**继承**实现类的特化和泛化，通过**多态**实现基于对象类型的动态分派。\n", "> - 封装：隐藏内部实现细节，往外暴露简单调用接口。例如在类中定义对象的方法就是封装，给对象发一个消息（即不用明确具体实现）就可以执行方法中的代码。\n", "#### 面向对象编程三步走\n", "第一步：定义类 \n", + "定义类就是要找到对象的公共属性或者方法 \n", "第二步：创建对象 \n", - "第三步：给对象发消息\n", + "第三步：给对象发消息 \n", "Python内置的list、set、dict都是提前定义好的类，可以跳过第一步； \n", "如果第一步、第二部都提前走了，就是某些内置对象，可以“开箱即用”。" ] @@ -287,14 +289,21 @@ "id": "aa224ddb", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "### 面向对象案例\n", - "例子1：时钟\n", + "#### 面向对象案例" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b339fc8b", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##### 例子1：时钟\n", "> 要求：定义一个类描述数字时钟，提供走字和显示时间的功能。" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 22, + "execution_count": 5, "id": "4922cdf1", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -302,7 +311,21 @@ "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ - "1763612929.0186808\n" + "12:26:34\n", + "12:26:35\n", + "12:26:36\n", + "12:26:37\n" + ] + }, + { + "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt", + "evalue": "", + "output_type": "error", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m", + "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", + "Cell \u001b[1;32mIn[5], line 25\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m 23\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28;01mwhile\u001b[39;00m \u001b[38;5;28;01mTrue\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m 24\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(clock1\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mshow())\n\u001b[1;32m---> 25\u001b[0m time\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39msleep(\u001b[38;5;241m1\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[0;32m 26\u001b[0m clock1\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrun()\n", + "\u001b[1;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: " ] } ], @@ -310,19 +333,357 @@ "import time\n", "\n", "class Clock: # 定义时钟类\n", - " def __init__(self,hour,minute):\n", + " def __init__(self,hour=0,minute=0,second=0):\n", " self.hour = hour\n", - " self.miute = minute\n", + " self.min = minute\n", + " self.sec = second\n", + " \n", + " def run(self): # 走字\n", + " self.sec += 1\n", + " if self.sec == 60:\n", + " self.sec = 0\n", + " self.min += 1\n", + " if self.min == 60:\n", + " self.min = 0\n", + " self.hour += 1\n", + " if self.hour == 24:\n", + " self.hour = 0\n", + " def show(self):\n", + " return f'{self.hour:>2d}:{self.min:0>2d}:{self.sec:>02d}'\n", + "\n", + "clock1 = Clock(12,26) # 创建时钟对象\n", + "while True:\n", + " print(clock1.show())\n", + " time.sleep(1)\n", + " clock1.run() " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "c22975b2", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##### 例2：平面上的点\n", + "> 要求：定义一个类描述平面上的点，提供计算到另一个点距离的方法。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "dca8b607", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "class Point:\n", + " \"\"\"平面上的点\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + " def __init__(self,x=0,y=0):\n", + " self.x,self.y = x,y\n", + " \n", + " def distance_to(self,other):# other表示另一个对象\n", + " dx = self.x - other.x\n", + " dy = self.y - other.y\n", + " return (dx*dx + dy*dy)**0.5\n", + " \n", + " def __str__(self): # 这个是什么意思？\n", + " # 可以理解为对象的字符串表示形式,就是调整print(对象)显示的内容\n", + " return f'({self.x},{self.y})'\n", + "\n", + "p1 = Point(3,5)\n", + "p2 = Point(6,9)\n", + "print(p1)\n", + "print(p2)\n", + "print(p1.distance_to(p2))\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "c5cdb3b0", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### 可见性和属性装饰器" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "207cad3b", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "对象的属性被设置成私有（private，属性前加__)或受保护(protected,属性前加_)，以避免外界直接访问这些属性。\n", + "> 为什么要不允许外界直接访问？" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "a32d115d", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "class Student:\n", + " __slots__ = ('name','age')\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age):\n", + " self.__name = name\n", + " self.__age = age\n", + " def study(self,course_name):\n", + " print(f'{self.__name}正在学习{course_name}.')\n", + "stu = Student('王大锤',20)\n", + "stu.sex = '男' # 给stu这个对象动态添加sex属性\n", + "print(stu.sex)\n", + "stu.study('Python程序设计') # 可以间接访问，不能直接访问\n", + "print(stu.__name) # 报错'Student' object has no attribute '__name'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "82abe644", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### 动态属性\n", + "Python在运行时可以改变其结构，属于动态语言。\n", + "可以动态为对象添加属性（有点类似于可变类型数据）" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "cec875c5", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 名称改写机制（Name Mangling）是 Python 中的一种机制，用于避免子类覆盖父类的私有属性或方法。它会将以双下划线 __ 开头但不以双下划线结尾的属性或方法名，自动改写为 _类名__属性名 的形式。 \n", + "> 名称改写的主要目的是为了实现类的封装，避免子类意外覆盖父类的私有属性或方法。\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "b944aefb", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "class Triangle(object): 这里面加不加object有什么区别 " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "id": "391876e3", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print(Student)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "2093e7f3", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### 继承和多态\n", + "例如Teacher类继承自Person类" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "158e54f0", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "class Person:\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age):\n", + " self.name = name\n", + " self.age = age\n", + " def eat(self):\n", + " print(f'{self.name}正在吃饭。')\n", + " def sleep(self):\n", + " print(f'{self.name}正在睡觉。')\n", + "\n", + "class Teacher(Person): # Teacher类继承自Person类\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age,title): \n", + " super().__init__(name,age) \n", + " # 子类中通过super().__init__()来调用父类初始化方法\n", + " self.title = title\n", + " # 子类定义自己特有的属性和方法\n", + " def teach(self,course_name):\n", + " print(f'{self.name}{self.titel}正在讲授{course_name}.')\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "a6374de7", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### 面向对象编程举例" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "75cb9380", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##### 例子1：扑克牌游戏\n", + "说明：简单起见，我们的扑克只有52张牌（没有大小王），游戏需要将 52 张牌发到 4 个玩家的手上，每个玩家手上有 13 张牌，按照黑桃、红心、草花、方块的顺序和点数从小到大排列，暂时不实现其他的功能。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "06eda9d8", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "问题分析：\n", + "一、找对象并抽象出对应的类\n", + "名词常为对象或者对象的属性，动词通常是对象的行为。 \n", + "名词有扑克、牌、玩家。 \n", + "动词有发牌、排序。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "cc705878", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 发现不止一个对象或者类，要考虑类之间的关系： \n", + "> - is-a(继承)\n", + "> - has-a(关联)\n", + "> - use-a(依赖) \n", + "> 以以上例子为例，因为一副扑克有（has-a）52张牌，所以扑克和牌是has-a关系（关联）；因为玩家手上有（has-a）牌，而且玩家使用了（use-a）牌，所以玩家和牌之间不仅有关联关系，还有依赖关系。\n", + ">\n", + "> 疑问：分这三类有什么具体用处？\n", + ">\n", + "> 类的属性和方法： \n", + "> 牌：属性包括花色和点数\n", + "> 扑克：属性包括牌剩余牌数；方法包括被抓牌然后减少牌数\n", + "> 玩家：属性包括手里牌的张数；方法包括抓牌、排序" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "d5d5d6ca", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "Suite.SPADE:0\n", + "Suite.HEART:1\n", + "Suite.CLUB:2\n", + "Suite.DIAMOND:3\n", + "♠5\n", + "♥K\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "from enum import Enum # Python中创建枚举值要引入enum模块\n", + "\n", + "class Suite(Enum): # 新建一个Suite类来继承Enum类\n", + " \"\"\"牌花色的枚举值\"\"\"\n", + " SPADE,HEART,CLUB,DIAMOND = range(4)\n", + "\n", + "for suite in Suite: # Python中的枚举值可以迭代\n", + " print(f'{suite}:{suite.value}')\n", + "\n", + "# 定义牌这个类\n", + "class Card:\n", + " \"\"\"牌\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + " def __init__(self,suite,face):\n", + " self.suite = suite\n", + " self.face = face\n", " \n", - " def display_time(self): # 显示当前时间函数\n", - " print(time.time())\n", + " # __repr__(self)：定义对象的开发者友好字符串表示，\n", + " # repr(obj) 或直接在交互式环境中输入对象时会调用。\n", + " def __repr__(self):\n", + " suites = '♠♥♣♦'\n", + " faces = ['','A','2','3','4','5','6',\n", + " '7','8','9','10','J','Q','K']\n", + " return f'{suites[self.suite.value]}{faces[self.face]}'\n", + " # 返回牌的花色和点数\n", + "\n", + "card1 = Card(Suite.SPADE,5)\n", + "card2 = Card(Suite.HEART,13)\n", + "print(card1)\n", + "print(card2)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "bf1a5178", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "[♠A, ♠2, ♠3, ♠4, ♠5, ♠6, ♠7, ♠8, ♠9, ♠10, ♠J, ♠Q, ♠K, ♥A, ♥2, ♥3, ♥4, ♥5, ♥6, ♥7, ♥8, ♥9, ♥10, ♥J, ♥Q, ♥K, ♣A, ♣2, ♣3, ♣4, ♣5, ♣6, ♣7, ♣8, ♣9, ♣10, ♣J, ♣Q, ♣K, ♦A, ♦2, ♦3, ♦4, ♦5, ♦6, ♦7, ♦8, ♦9, ♦10, ♦J, ♦Q, ♦K]\n", + "[♦6, ♠6, ♣4, ♣3, ♥2, ♠3, ♥4, ♠5, ♦10, ♣6, ♦Q, ♥10, ♥9, ♣8, ♥5, ♣9, ♠10, ♦2, ♠A, ♥6, ♥7, ♥Q, ♣10, ♦K, ♠7, ♣K, ♣2, ♠Q, ♦9, ♣A, ♥3, ♣J, ♠K, ♣5, ♠4, ♦7, ♥K, ♥8, ♦3, ♣Q, ♠2, ♦4, ♠8, ♣7, ♠9, ♦5, ♦A, ♦8, ♥A, ♦J, ♥J, ♠J]\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "# 定义扑克类\n", + "import random\n", + "\n", + "class Poker:\n", + " \"\"\"扑克\"\"\"\n", + "\n", + " def __init__(self):# 52张牌构成的列表\n", + " self.cards = [Card(suite,face)\n", + " for suite in Suite\n", + " for face in range(1,14)]\n", + " self.current = 0 # 记录发票位置的属性\n", + "\n", + " def shuffle(self):\n", + " \"\"\"洗牌\"\"\"\n", + " self.current = 0\n", + " random.shuffle(self.cards)\n", + " # 通过random模块的shuffle函数实现随机乱序\n", " \n", - " #def add_time(self,hour,minute): # 调整当前时间\n", + " def deal(self):\n", + " \"\"\"发牌\"\"\"\n", + " card = self.cards[self.current]\n", + " self.current += 1\n", + " return card\n", + " \n", + " @property\n", + " def has_nex(self):\n", + " \"\"\"还有没有牌可以发\"\"\"\n", + " return self.current < len(self.cards)\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "ed22905f", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# 定义玩家类\n", + "class Player:\n", + " \"\"\"玩家\"\"\"\n", "\n", - "clock1 = Clock(12,26)\n", - "clock1.display_time()\n", + " def __init__(self,name):\n", + " self.name = name\n", + " self.cards = [] # 玩家手里的牌\n", "\n", - " " + " def get_one(self,card):\n", + " \"\"\"摸牌\"\"\"\n", + " self.cards.append(card)\n", + " \n", + " def arrange(self):\n", + " \"\"\"整理手上的牌\"\"\"\n", + " self.cards.sort()\n", + " \n", + "# 创建四个玩家，并发牌到玩家手上" ] } ], From f5aaa85eb34d2b8809d3a17dc325ecf7f2e403b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E5=85=8B=E7=AB=A0?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2025 23:36:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 12/14] 202511252336 --- ...347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" | 190 ++++++++---- ...71\346\263\225\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" | 270 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 402 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) create mode 100644 "\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/\345\255\246\344\271\240\346\226\271\346\263\225\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" index 5ab2158ce..499a968cb 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" @@ -2,10 +2,29 @@ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "b3779ea9", + "id": "59f1ad7d", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "## 前言" + "> **记笔记的目的**： \n", + "> \n", + "> ★笔记不是“完整教程”，而是理解+易错点+示例+练习 \n", + "> \n", + "> 每一节：\n", + "> - “一句话总结（核心）”\n", + "> - “示例（能运行、最简单）”\n", + "> - “易错点（踩过的坑）”\n", + "> - “应用场景（什么时候用）”" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "8a126022", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 什么是“一句话总结”： \n", + "> - 它是什么\n", + "> - 为什么存在（解决什么问题？）\n", + "> - 什么时候用" ] }, { @@ -14,7 +33,8 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "> Python基础知识结构划分: \n", - "> - 环境准备相关\n", + "> - Python的特点\n", + "> - 环境搭建\n", "> - 基础语法 \n", "> - 变量 \n", "> - 基本数据类型（数据结构） \n", @@ -25,9 +45,20 @@ }, { "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "7b990156", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "### 环境准备相关\n", + "### Python的特点\n", + "大小写敏感。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 环境搭建\n", + "为了能够在机器上运行Python，要处理的问题：\n", + "\n", "- 环境变量的问题 \n", "\n", "- Python编码的运行界面\n", @@ -44,12 +75,38 @@ "id": "d9525ae6", "metadata": {}, "source": [ - "### 基础语法\n", - "- 注释\n", - "- 换行问题\n", - "- 缩进\n", - " - 必须缩进4个空格\n", - "- 关键字\n", + "### Python基础语法\n", + "即为书写Python必须遵循的规则。\n", + "#### 标识符\n", + "标识符即为变量的命名，第一个字符必须以字母（a-z, A-Z）或下划线 _ ，其他部分由字母、数字和下划线组成。 \n", + "注意：标识符不能包含特殊字符（如 - ￥ $）,不能使用数字开头，不能使用关键字。\n", + "##### 保留关键字\n", + "保留关键字在Python中有特定用处，不能作为标识符使用。\n", + "#### 注释\n", + "```\n", + "# 第一个注释\n", + "# 第二个注释\n", + "\n", + "'''\n", + "第三行注释\n", + "第四行注释\n", + "'''\n", + "\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "第五行注释\n", + "第六行注释\n", + "\"\"\"\n", + "```\n", + "#### 行与缩进\n", + "Python中用缩进表示代码块，而不是大括号`{}`。 \n", + "Python中一条语句很长，可以用反斜杠`\\`来实现换行。\n", + "```\n", + "total = item_one + \\\n", + " item_two + \\\n", + " item_three\n", + "``` \n", + "在类或函数之间一般会留一个空行，便于日后的维护和重构。\n", + "\n", "- print格式化输出\n", "- 运算符（优先级从高到低）\n", " - 比较运算符：> >= < <= == !=\n", @@ -58,6 +115,25 @@ " - 数学运算符： + - * / % // **" ] }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 10, + "id": "1181ca0f", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "import keyword\n", + "print(keyword.kwlist)" + ] + }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "b30f7a39", @@ -531,18 +607,6 @@ "说明：简单起见，我们的扑克只有52张牌（没有大小王），游戏需要将 52 张牌发到 4 个玩家的手上，每个玩家手上有 13 张牌，按照黑桃、红心、草花、方块的顺序和点数从小到大排列，暂时不实现其他的功能。" ] }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "id": "06eda9d8", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "问题分析：\n", - "一、找对象并抽象出对应的类\n", - "名词常为对象或者对象的属性，动词通常是对象的行为。 \n", - "名词有扑克、牌、玩家。 \n", - "动词有发牌、排序。" - ] - }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "cc705878", @@ -559,12 +623,20 @@ "> 类的属性和方法： \n", "> 牌：属性包括花色和点数\n", "> 扑克：属性包括牌剩余牌数；方法包括被抓牌然后减少牌数\n", - "> 玩家：属性包括手里牌的张数；方法包括抓牌、排序" + "> 玩家：属性包括手里牌的张数；方法包括抓牌、排序\n", + "\n", + "5 行话理解如何设计类（非常关键） \n", + "① 圈名词 → 找类、属性 \n", + "不是所有名词都是类，现实中独立存在的实体、有自己的状态和行为、在系统中是会变化的（这种变化应该是相对复杂的，用类可以保存状态并提供操作状态的方法，这种状态的变化不是单一变量可以处理的）、会在系统中被多个对象使用（需要复用）的才可能成为类\n", + "② 圈动词 → 找方法 \n", + "③ 基于“现实世界职责”分给合适的类 \n", + "④ 让每个类只负责“它自己能做的事” \n", + "⑤ 用组合（has-a）连接类，用方法调用（use-a）产生交互\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, + "execution_count": 9, "id": "d5d5d6ca", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -577,7 +649,11 @@ "Suite.CLUB:2\n", "Suite.DIAMOND:3\n", "♠5\n", - "♥K\n" + "♥K\n", + "东邪:[♠2, ♠3, ♠7, ♠8, ♠10, ♠J, ♠Q, ♥9, ♣A, ♣2, ♣5, ♣6, ♦K]\n", + "西毒:[♠9, ♥A, ♥5, ♥7, ♥8, ♥Q, ♣3, ♣9, ♣Q, ♦2, ♦4, ♦7, ♦9]\n", + "南帝:[♠5, ♠6, ♠K, ♥2, ♥3, ♥10, ♥J, ♦A, ♦3, ♦5, ♦8, ♦10, ♦J]\n", + "北丐:[♠A, ♠4, ♥4, ♥6, ♥K, ♣4, ♣7, ♣8, ♣10, ♣J, ♣K, ♦6, ♦Q]\n" ] } ], @@ -592,6 +668,8 @@ " print(f'{suite}:{suite.value}')\n", "\n", "# 定义牌这个类\n", + "# 牌类初始化时，牌一定是有指定的花色和大小\n", + "\n", "class Card:\n", " \"\"\"牌\"\"\"\n", "\n", @@ -607,30 +685,20 @@ " '7','8','9','10','J','Q','K']\n", " return f'{suites[self.suite.value]}{faces[self.face]}'\n", " # 返回牌的花色和点数\n", + " \n", + " def __lt__(self,other):\n", + " if self.suite == other.suite:\n", + " return self.face < other.face # 花色相同比较点数大小\n", + " return self.suite.value < other.suite.value # 花色不同比较花色对应值\n", "\n", "card1 = Card(Suite.SPADE,5)\n", "card2 = Card(Suite.HEART,13)\n", "print(card1)\n", - "print(card2)" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "bf1a5178", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [ - { - "name": "stdout", - "output_type": "stream", - "text": [ - "[♠A, ♠2, ♠3, ♠4, ♠5, ♠6, ♠7, ♠8, ♠9, ♠10, ♠J, ♠Q, ♠K, ♥A, ♥2, ♥3, ♥4, ♥5, ♥6, ♥7, ♥8, ♥9, ♥10, ♥J, ♥Q, ♥K, ♣A, ♣2, ♣3, ♣4, ♣5, ♣6, ♣7, ♣8, ♣9, ♣10, ♣J, ♣Q, ♣K, ♦A, ♦2, ♦3, ♦4, ♦5, ♦6, ♦7, ♦8, ♦9, ♦10, ♦J, ♦Q, ♦K]\n", - "[♦6, ♠6, ♣4, ♣3, ♥2, ♠3, ♥4, ♠5, ♦10, ♣6, ♦Q, ♥10, ♥9, ♣8, ♥5, ♣9, ♠10, ♦2, ♠A, ♥6, ♥7, ♥Q, ♣10, ♦K, ♠7, ♣K, ♣2, ♠Q, ♦9, ♣A, ♥3, ♣J, ♠K, ♣5, ♠4, ♦7, ♥K, ♥8, ♦3, ♣Q, ♠2, ♦4, ♠8, ♣7, ♠9, ♦5, ♦A, ♦8, ♥A, ♦J, ♥J, ♠J]\n" - ] - } - ], - "source": [ + "print(card2)\n", + "\n", "# 定义扑克类\n", + "# 扑克类初始化时一定是指定的52张牌，\n", + "# 另外还有洗牌、发牌的方法，有还剩多少张牌的属性\n", "import random\n", "\n", "class Poker:\n", @@ -640,7 +708,7 @@ " self.cards = [Card(suite,face)\n", " for suite in Suite\n", " for face in range(1,14)]\n", - " self.current = 0 # 记录发票位置的属性\n", + " self.current = 0 # 记录发牌位置的属性\n", "\n", " def shuffle(self):\n", " \"\"\"洗牌\"\"\"\n", @@ -657,17 +725,10 @@ " @property\n", " def has_nex(self):\n", " \"\"\"还有没有牌可以发\"\"\"\n", - " return self.current < len(self.cards)\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "id": "ed22905f", - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ + " return self.current < len(self.cards)\n", + " \n", "# 定义玩家类\n", + "# 玩家类有摸牌、整理手牌的方法\n", "class Player:\n", " \"\"\"玩家\"\"\"\n", "\n", @@ -683,13 +744,26 @@ " \"\"\"整理手上的牌\"\"\"\n", " self.cards.sort()\n", " \n", - "# 创建四个玩家，并发牌到玩家手上" + "# 创建四个玩家，并发牌到玩家手上\n", + "poker = Poker()\n", + "poker.shuffle()\n", + "players = [Player('东邪'),Player('西毒'),Player('南帝'),Player('北丐')]\n", + "# 将牌轮流发到每个玩家手上每人13张牌\n", + "for _ in range(13):\n", + " for player in players:\n", + " player.get_one(poker.deal())\n", + "# 玩家整理手上的牌输出名字和手牌\n", + "for player in players:\n", + " player.arrange()\n", + " print(f'{player.name}:',end='')\n", + " print(player.cards)\n", + "\n" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "base", + "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, @@ -703,7 +777,7 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.12.7" + "version": "3.13.0" } }, "nbformat": 4, diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/\345\255\246\344\271\240\346\226\271\346\263\225\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/\345\255\246\344\271\240\346\226\271\346\263\225\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7528c2cd --- /dev/null +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/\345\255\246\344\271\240\346\226\271\346\263\225\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" @@ -0,0 +1,270 @@ + # 什么是“一句话总结”： + - 它是什么 + - 为什么存在（解决什么问题？） + - 什么时候用 + + +# 我的Python越学越乱的原因： +- 记得是“细节”，而不是“框架” +- 我学到的每一个知识点在脑中没有一个“抽象层级” +- 我不知道这个知识点解决什么问题 +- 新出现的类型、新的语法，对我来说都是孤立的 + + +# 核心观念：Python 的所有东西，都可以归为三类 +① 数据 +② 行为（函数） +③ 容器 + 协议（数据如何被操作） + +我看到的所有“新类型”“新用法”其实都只是： +- 一种新的数据结构 +- 一个函数/方法 +- 一种操作规则（协议，如迭代、上下文、可哈希、序列类型） +- 一个标准库里封装好的工具 + +# Python 三大核心概念：数据、行为、协议 + +本文件系统性地解释 Python 世界中所有“看似无穷无尽的知识点”背后的统一抽象模型。 +帮助你用底层原理建立“不会乱、不怕新知识”的学习体系。 + +--- + +# 📍 第一类：数据（Data） +Python 的一切基础都是“数据”。 +你看到的所有类型，本质上都是 **数据结构**。 + +## 🧩 常见基础数据类型（一句话总结） +| 数据类型 | 一句话总结 | +|---------|------------| +| **int** | 一个整数值 | +| **float** | 一个小数 | +| **str** | 一段文本（不可变） | +| **list** | 可变序列 | +| **tuple** | 不可变序列 | +| **dict** | 哈希表，用 key 查 value | +| **set** | 去重 + 集合运算 | +| **bytes** | 二进制序列 | +| **bool** | True / False | +| **class** | 用户自定义的数据结构 | + +--- + +## 🧩 你未来会看到的“新类型”（其实也是数据） +例如： + +- datetime +- Fraction +- Decimal +- pathlib.Path +- re.Match +- MySQLCursor +- Response（requests） +- BeautifulSoup +- numpy.ndarray +- pandas.DataFrame + +它们都不是“新奇怪物”，它们都是： + +> Python 内置或第三方库定义的 **新的数据结构（结构不同，本质相同）** + +### ✔ 结论 +**所有“新数据类型”都是“数据”，不是新概念，只是新结构。** + +--- + +# 📍 第二类：行为（Function） +数据能做什么，由“行为”决定。 + +行为的统一定义： + +## ⭐ 行为 = 函数 + 方法（绑定到对象的函数） + +--- + +## 🎯 示例（你看到的一切操作，都是行为） +| 代码 | 类型 | 说明 | +|------|------|-------| +| `len(a)` | 函数 | 获取长度 | +| `a.append(3)` | 方法 | list 的行为 | +| `d.get("name")` | 方法 | dict 的行为 | +| `re.match()` | 函数 | 正则匹配 | +| `random.randint()` | 函数 | 取随机数 | + +本质上它们都是： + +> 输入数据 → 行为处理 → 输出结果 +> （方法还会改变对象内部状态） + +--- + +## ✔ 为什么这能消除你的焦虑？ +当你知道： + +- list 的操作是 list 定义的行为 +- dict 的操作是 dict 定义的行为 +- 库里的方法是库的作者定义的行为 + +你看到“新方法、新函数、新 API” +就不会觉得那是“新知识点”，它只是“行为”。 + +--- + +# 📍 第三类：容器 + 协议（规则） +这是 Python 最强大也最容易让初学者困惑的部分。 + +--- + +# 1️⃣ 什么是容器？ +容器就是“能装数据的结构”。 + +常见容器： + +- list +- tuple +- dict +- set +- generator +- iterator +- file +- pandas.DataFrame +- numpy.ndarray + +它们结构不同，但本质相同： +**装数据 + 对外提供统一操作行为（协议）** + +--- + +# 2️⃣ 什么是协议？ +协议 ≠ 网络协议 +协议 = **规定对象必须具备的能力（钩子方法）** + +只要该能力被实现，对象就能表现出某种“行为”。 + +--- + +# 🔥 Python 常见协议（必须掌握） + +## ① 可迭代协议（Iterable） +只要对象实现： + +``` +__iter__() +``` + +它就能： + +- 被 for 循环 +- 被 list() 转换 +- 被展开：`*obj` +- 被 sum()、max() 等函数使用 + +### 🔥 所有这些都能 for，因为它们实现了 iterable： +- list +- tuple +- dict +- str +- range +- pandas.Series +- generator + +它们长得不一样，但行为一样，是因为遵守了 **同一个协议**。 + +--- + +## ② 上下文管理协议（Context Manager） +只要对象实现： + +``` +__enter__() +__exit__() +``` + +它就能被 `with` 使用。 + +### 这些都能用 with： +- 文件对象 +- 数据库连接 +- 锁 +- Selenium 浏览器 +- Requests Session +- TensorFlow Session +- contextlib 生成的对象 + +它们毫不相关，却都能： + +```python +with obj: + ... +``` + +因为它们遵守同一个协议。 + +--- + +## ③ 可调用协议（Callable） +如果一个对象实现： + +``` +__call__() +``` + +那么它就可以作为函数调用： + +```python +obj() +``` + +Python 的装饰器、回调机制、类实例当函数，都是用这个协议。 + +--- + +## ④ 数字协议（算术运算） +对象实现这些方法后，就能进行数学运算： + +``` +__add__() → + +__sub__() → - +__mul__() → * +``` + +numpy / pandas 的底层，就是依靠这些协议。 + +--- + +## ⑤ 序列协议（像数组一样） +只要实现： + +``` +__getitem__() +__len__() +``` + +它就能： + +- 被索引：`obj[0]` +- 被切片：`obj[1:3]` +- 被遍历 + +--- + +# 📌 最终总结（非常关键） + +## ⭐ Python 所有看似复杂的东西，都能归类为三件事： + +### **① 数据（Data）—— 类型本质是数据结构** +### **② 行为（Function/Method）—— 数据能做什么** +### **③ 协议（Protocol）—— 对象具备哪些能力** + +--- + +# ✔ 这意味着： + +- 新类型？→ 属于“数据” +- 新方法？→ 属于“行为” +- 能被 for？→ 遵守迭代协议 +- 能被 with？→ 遵守上下文协议 +- 能被调用？→ 遵守可调用协议 + +所有新东西都“有位置”，不会让你困惑。 + +--- From e95ffc4aa430d52e34dbe304b06271376d91da7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?WKZ=E5=8A=9E=E5=85=AC=E7=94=B5=E8=84=91?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 21:48:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 13/14] 20251127 --- ...347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" | 321 +++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 306 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" index 499a968cb..2e16137a1 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" @@ -58,16 +58,11 @@ "source": [ "### 环境搭建\n", "为了能够在机器上运行Python，要处理的问题：\n", - "\n", "- 环境变量的问题 \n", - "\n", - "- Python编码的运行界面\n", - " - cmd\n", - " - IDE\n", - "\n", "- 二进制、八进制、十进制、十六进制\n", - "\n", - "- ASCII码、Unicode码" + "- ASCII码、Unicode码\n", + " \n", + "#### 命令行参数" ] }, { @@ -105,9 +100,294 @@ " item_two + \\\n", " item_three\n", "``` \n", + "Python中同一行也可以有多个语句，用分号;分隔。\n", "在类或函数之间一般会留一个空行，便于日后的维护和重构。\n", + "当写示例时，可以使用pass这个占位语句，表示什么都不做，以避免语法错误。\n", + "\n", + "#### 常用基本功能\n", + "1.接收用户用户输入，`str1=input()` \n", + "接收到的str1类型为string，还是``? \n", + "2.导入模块，用import与from...import \n", + "导入模块后，Python要知道使用的函数、类、变量来自哪个模块。 \n", + "`from...import`直接引入目标名称，调用更短，但是容易发生命名冲突。 \n", + "3.print格式化输出 \n", + "print()默认输出是带换行符的，即其中参数end默认值为'\\n'。\n", + "\n", + "#### 变量\n", + "1.Python中所有变量都是“名字→对象”的引用（变量存的是对象的地 址。），变量没有类型，只有对象有类型。变量本质上等同于“自动管理内存的安全指针”。 \n", + "\n", + "2.一般说的变量类型指的是“变量当前指向的对象的类型”， \n", + "\n", + "3.衍生问题： \n", + "（1）如果变量存的是内存的地址，那么为什么print(变量)会返回对象的值？ \n", + "print()调用的是变量所指向对象的`__str__()、__repr__()`，而不是打印地址。 \n", + "如果要打印地址，可以用print(id(a))返回变量a在内存中的地址id。 \n", + "（2）`a=1`中，变量a是地址，那为什么可以计算a+1? \n", + "先找到变量a指向的对象（1），调用改对象的__add__()方法(a.__add__(1))生成一个新的对象(2)，然后把这个新的对象返回。原先的a和1都不会被修改。 \n", + "如果是`a=a+1`呢，这时候a引用的对象会变成2。 \n", + "（3）不可变对象（int,str,tuple）不能改，只能换对象； \n", + "可变对象（list,dict,set）能改，引用不变。 \n", + "不可变对象不允许修改内部值，修改只能创新新对象，旧对象如果无人引用则会被自动回收。 或者用del语句删除？ \n", + "```python\n", + "a = 10 # int类型不可变\n", + "b = a\n", + "a = 20 # 修改a的值，不会影响b的值，10,20是两个独立的对象\n", + "# b 指的还是原先的整数10对象\n", + "\n", + "c = [1,2,3] # list类型可变\n", + "d = c\n", + "d.append(4) # 修改d的值，c的值也会变化，c和d是同个引用\n", + "```\n", + "（4）为什么list1=list2会联动？\n", + "```python\n", + "a = [1,2]\n", + "b = a # b和a的内存地址是一样的,即为两个变量名指向同一个对象\n", + "b.append(3)\n", + "print(a) # [1,2,3]\n", + "```\n", + "（5）type(变量a)的时候，将变量a引用的对象作为参数传入内置函数type()，由type()查看该对象内部的`__class__属性`\n", + "\n", + "4.多变量赋值的问题：\n", + "`a=b=c=1`\n", + "`a,b,c=1,2,'runoob'`\n", + "\n", + "5.调换两个变量的值\n", + "`a,b=b,a`" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "828e1f34", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 数据类型\n", + "#### 数据类型简介\n", + "数据类型和数据的关系：\n", + "1.常见数据类型：\n", + "- Number（数字、数值）：包含int、float、bool、complex（复数，例如4+3j）\n", + "- String（字符串）\n", + "- bool（布尔类型）\n", + "- List（列表）\n", + "- Tuple（元组）\n", + "- Set（集合）\n", + "- Dictionary（字典） \n", + "\n", + "2.数据类型分类\n", + "是否可变：\n", + "不可变数据类型：Number、String、Tuple \n", + "可变数据类型：List、Dictionary、Set\n", + "\n", + "3.判断数据类型\n", + "（1）type(obj)用来查对象的实际类型(class)，例如`type(a)`，isinstance()用来判断对象（实例）是不是某个类型（或其子类）的实例，例如`isinstance(a,int)`\n", + "（2）区别：type()严格匹配类型，不考虑继承；isinstance()会考虑继承关系。\n", + "```python\n", + "class A:pass # pass占位语句\n", + "class B(A):pass\n", + "\n", + "b = B()\n", + "print(type(b) is B) # True\n", + "print(type(b) is A) # False\n", + "print(isinstance(b,B)) # True\n", + "print(isinstance(b,A)) # True\n", + "print(issubclass(B,A)) # 判断类的继承关系，True\n", + "```\n", + "（3）特殊情况：\n", + "- `type(a) == int`和`type(a) is int`有什么区别?\n", + "`==` 是比较两个对象的“值”是否相等，不推荐；\n", + "`is` 是判断两个对象是否是“同一个对象”（id一致），推荐。\n", + "- `type(A)`返回的是啥？\n", + "返回type,类也是对象，Python中所有类的类型都是type\n", + "- `isinstance(B,A)`为啥是False?\n", + "`isinstance()`是用于实例是否属于某个类或者某个父类。\n", + "如果要判断两个类的继承关系，可以用`issubclass`\n", + "- bool是int的子类，`True==1,False==0,issubclass(bool,int)`都返回True\n", + "\n", + "#### 各个数据类型介绍与使用\n", + "##### 数值\n", + "1.数值运算\n", + "常规运算(加减乘除)，除法或者混合运算时（包含浮点数和整数）运算结果一定为浮点数\n", + "特殊运算：取余（%）、整除（//）、乘方（**）\n", + "`10%3`返回余数1\n", + "`10//3`返回整数3，即10按照3来分，可以分成3个整份\n", + "`10**3`返回1000 `4**0.5`返回2.0\n", + "\n", + "扩展：Python中的运算符（优先级从上到下是从高到低）\n", + "| 运算符 | 描述 |\n", + "| ---------------------------- | -------------------- |\n", + "| `[]`、`[:]` | 索引、切片 |\n", + "| `**` | 幂 |\n", + "| `~`、`+`、`-` | 按位取反、正号、负号 |\n", + "| `*`、`/`、`%`、`//` | 乘、除、模、整除 |\n", + "| `+`、`-` | 加、减 |\n", + "| `>>`、`<<` | 右移、左移 |\n", + "| `&` | 按位与 |\n", + "| `^`、`|` | 按位异或、按位或 |\n", + "| `<=`、`<`、`>`、`>=` | 小于等于、小于、大于、大于等于 |\n", + "| `==`、`!=` | 等于、不等于 |\n", + "| `is`、`is not` | 身份运算符 |\n", + "| `in`、`not in` | 成员运算符 |\n", + "| `not`、`or`、`and` | 逻辑运算符 |\n", + "| `=`、`+=`、`-=`、`*=`、`/=`、`%=`、`//=`、`**=`、`&=`、`\\|=`、`^=`、`>>=`、`<<=` | 赋值运算符 |\n", + "\n", + "2.数值不同表示形式\n", + "（1）整数：十进制、二进制、八进制、十六进制 \n", + "```python\n", + "print(0o12) #八进制，0o或者0O\n", + "print(0b1010) #二进制，0b或者0B\n", + "print(0xA) #十六进制,0x或者0X\n", + "#十六进制的数A B C D E F 分别表示十进制中的 10 11 12 13 14 15\n", + "\n", + "# print()默认输出数值是转换为十进制显示。\n", + "print(oct(97)) #oct()十进制转为八进制字符串，输出0o141\n", + "print(hex(97)) #hex()十进制转为十六进制字符串，输出0x61\n", + "print(bin(97)) #bin()十进制转为二进制字符串，输出0b1100001\n", + "```\n", + "（2）浮点数：主要是显示格式(小数点后几位)的问题\n", + "见字符串部分输出格式表\n", + "（3）复数：复数由实数部分和虚数部分构成，可以用a + bj，或者complex(a,b) 表示，复数的实部a和虚部b都是浮点型。如`3e+26j`\n", + "\n", + "##### 字符串\n", + "1.字符串表示相关问题\n", + "（1）反斜杠`\\`转义特殊字符，可以在字符串前面加一个`r`表示原始字符。\n", + "\n", + "（2）字符串的索引和截取：\n", + "\n", + "（3）字符串也适用于运算符（+实现连接，*实现重复）\n", + "\n", + "（4）格式化输出：\n", + "| 变量值 | 占位符 | 格式化结果 | 说明 |\n", + "| ----------- | ---------- | ------------| ---- |\n", + "| `3.1415926` | `{:.2f}` | `'3.14'` | 保留小数点后两位 |\n", + "| `3.1415926` | `{:+.2f}` | `'+3.14'` | 带符号保留小数点后两位 |\n", + "| `-1` | `{:+.2f}` | `'-1.00'` | 带符号保留小数点后两位 |\n", + "| `3.1415926` | `{:.0f}` | `'3'` | 不带小数 |\n", + "| `123` | `{:0>10d}` | `'0000000123'` | 左边补`0`，补够10位 |\n", + "| `123` | `{:x<10d}` | `'123xxxxxxx'` | 右边补`x` ，补够10位 |\n", + "| `123` | `{:>10d}` | `' 123'` | 左边补空格，补够10位 |\n", + "| `123` | `{:<10d}` | `'123 '` | 右边补空格，补够10位 |\n", + "| `123456789` | `{:,}` | `'123,456,789'` | 逗号分隔格式 |\n", + "| `0.123` | `{:.2%}` | `'12.30%'` | 百分比格式 |\n", + "| `123456789` | `{:.2e}` | `'1.23e+08'` | 科学计数法格式 |\n", + "\n", + "##### 列表" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 46, + "id": "040e17dd", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "0b1100001\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "print(bin(97))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "bc91bb2b", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "True\n", + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "True\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "class A:pass\n", + "class B(A):pass\n", + "\n", + "b = B()\n", + "print(type(b) is B) # True\n", + "print(type(b) is A) # False\n", + "print(isinstance(b,B)) # True\n", + "print(isinstance(b,A)) # True\n", + "print(issubclass(B,A)) # True" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "73c336d4", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Python错误和警告\n", + "`print(1 is True)`会有警告：\n", + "SyntaxWarning:\"is\" with 'int' literal. Did you mean \"==\"?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 27, + "id": "0ae936f2", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "人会说话\n", + "Allen is learnning 英语\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "False\n", + "True\n", + "True\n", + "False\n", + "False\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "class Person:\n", + "\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age):\n", + " self.name = name\n", + " self.age = age\n", + " \n", + " def speak(self):\n", + " print(\"人会说话\")\n", + "\n", + "class Student(Person):\n", "\n", - "- print格式化输出\n", + " def __init__(self,name,age):\n", + " super().__init__(name,age)\n", + " \n", + " def learn(self,course):\n", + " print(f'{self.name} is learnning {course}')\n", + "\n", + "stu1 = Student('Allen',26)\n", + "stu1.speak()\n", + "stu1.learn('英语')\n", + "\n", + "print(type(stu1))\n", + "print(type(Student))\n", + "print(type(stu1) is Person)\n", + "print(isinstance(stu1,Person))\n", + "print(isinstance(stu1,Student))\n", + "print(isinstance(Student,Person))\n", + "print(isinstance(bool,int))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "bc2e5920", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ "- 运算符（优先级从高到低）\n", " - 比较运算符：> >= < <= == !=\n", " - 赋值运算符：= += *=\n", @@ -115,9 +395,19 @@ " - 数学运算符： + - * / % // **" ] }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "1779142d", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "> 字符串属于数据还是数据结构 \n", + "> 数字属于数据还是数据结构 \n", + "> 数据和数据结构有什么关系" + ] + }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 10, + "execution_count": 5, "id": "1181ca0f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -125,13 +415,14 @@ "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ - "['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']\n" + "hello\n" ] } ], "source": [ - "import keyword\n", - "print(keyword.kwlist)" + "a =10\n", + "a = 'hello'\n", + "print(a)" ] }, { @@ -763,7 +1054,7 @@ ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3", + "display_name": "base", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, @@ -777,7 +1068,7 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.13.0" + "version": "3.12.7" } }, "nbformat": 4, From ceb6c83615a2619e12726e7cf8779dd20ab787c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E7=8E=8B=E5=85=8B=E7=AB=A0?= <13427527534@163.com> Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 23:33:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 14/14] 202511272333 --- ...347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" | 355 +++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 313 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) diff --git "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" index 2e16137a1..e6b81e479 100644 --- "a/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" +++ "b/\345\255\246\344\271\240\347\254\224\350\256\260/Python\345\237\272\347\241\200\347\237\245\350\257\206.ipynb" @@ -49,11 +49,18 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Python的特点\n", - "大小写敏感。" + "1.大小写敏感。\n", + "2.对象（Object）、类（Class）、实例（Instance）三者的区别和联系\n", + "|名词|Python中的角色|举例|\n", + "|----|-----|----|\n", + "|对象（Object）|一切都是对象，包括数字、字符串、函数、类、模块|1、\"ABC\"、len、int|\n", + "|类（Class）|描述对象结构的模板，本质也是对象|int、list、dict|\n", + "|实例（Instance）|由类创建出来的对象|1 是 int 的实例|" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "e43860bf", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### 环境搭建\n", @@ -77,6 +84,7 @@ "注意：标识符不能包含特殊字符（如 - ￥ $）,不能使用数字开头，不能使用关键字。\n", "##### 保留关键字\n", "保留关键字在Python中有特定用处，不能作为标识符使用。\n", + "一旦用了，就会报错。\n", "#### 注释\n", "```\n", "# 第一个注释\n", @@ -100,13 +108,13 @@ " item_two + \\\n", " item_three\n", "``` \n", - "Python中同一行也可以有多个语句，用分号;分隔。\n", - "在类或函数之间一般会留一个空行，便于日后的维护和重构。\n", + "Python中同一行也可以有多个语句，用分号;分隔。 \n", + "在类或函数之间一般会留一个空行，便于日后的维护和重构。 \n", "当写示例时，可以使用pass这个占位语句，表示什么都不做，以避免语法错误。\n", "\n", "#### 常用基本功能\n", "1.接收用户用户输入，`str1=input()` \n", - "接收到的str1类型为string，还是``? \n", + "接收到的str1类型为string，还是`` \n", "2.导入模块，用import与from...import \n", "导入模块后，Python要知道使用的函数、类、变量来自哪个模块。 \n", "`from...import`直接引入目标名称，调用更短，但是容易发生命名冲突。 \n", @@ -114,16 +122,17 @@ "print()默认输出是带换行符的，即其中参数end默认值为'\\n'。\n", "\n", "#### 变量\n", - "1.Python中所有变量都是“名字→对象”的引用（变量存的是对象的地 址。），变量没有类型，只有对象有类型。变量本质上等同于“自动管理内存的安全指针”。 \n", + "1.Python中所有变量都是“名字→对象”的引用（变量存的是对象的地址）。 \n", + "变量没有类型，只有对象有类型。变量本质上等同于“自动管理内存的安全指针”。 \n", "\n", - "2.一般说的变量类型指的是“变量当前指向的对象的类型”， \n", + "2.一般说的变量类型指的是“变量当前指向的对象的类型”。\n", "\n", "3.衍生问题： \n", "（1）如果变量存的是内存的地址，那么为什么print(变量)会返回对象的值？ \n", - "print()调用的是变量所指向对象的`__str__()、__repr__()`，而不是打印地址。 \n", + "print()调用的是变量所指向对象的`__str__()、__repr__()`方法，而不是打印地址。 \n", "如果要打印地址，可以用print(id(a))返回变量a在内存中的地址id。 \n", - "（2）`a=1`中，变量a是地址，那为什么可以计算a+1? \n", - "先找到变量a指向的对象（1），调用改对象的__add__()方法(a.__add__(1))生成一个新的对象(2)，然后把这个新的对象返回。原先的a和1都不会被修改。 \n", + "（2）`a=1`和`a+1`中，变量a是地址，那为什么可以计算a+1? \n", + "先找到变量a指向的对象（1），调用该对象的__add__()方法(a.__add__(1))生成一个新的对象(2)，然后把这个新的对象返回。原先的a和1都不会被修改。 \n", "如果是`a=a+1`呢，这时候a引用的对象会变成2。 \n", "（3）不可变对象（int,str,tuple）不能改，只能换对象； \n", "可变对象（list,dict,set）能改，引用不变。 \n", @@ -138,14 +147,7 @@ "d = c\n", "d.append(4) # 修改d的值，c的值也会变化，c和d是同个引用\n", "```\n", - "（4）为什么list1=list2会联动？\n", - "```python\n", - "a = [1,2]\n", - "b = a # b和a的内存地址是一样的,即为两个变量名指向同一个对象\n", - "b.append(3)\n", - "print(a) # [1,2,3]\n", - "```\n", - "（5）type(变量a)的时候，将变量a引用的对象作为参数传入内置函数type()，由type()查看该对象内部的`__class__属性`\n", + "（4）type(变量a)的时候，将变量a引用的对象作为参数传入内置函数type()，由type()查看该对象内部的`__class__属性`\n", "\n", "4.多变量赋值的问题：\n", "`a=b=c=1`\n", @@ -162,7 +164,6 @@ "source": [ "### 数据类型\n", "#### 数据类型简介\n", - "数据类型和数据的关系：\n", "1.常见数据类型：\n", "- Number（数字、数值）：包含int、float、bool、complex（复数，例如4+3j）\n", "- String（字符串）\n", @@ -172,8 +173,7 @@ "- Set（集合）\n", "- Dictionary（字典） \n", "\n", - "2.数据类型分类\n", - "是否可变：\n", + "2.数据类型分类可以按照是否可变，划分为： \n", "不可变数据类型：Number、String、Tuple \n", "可变数据类型：List、Dictionary、Set\n", "\n", @@ -193,14 +193,15 @@ "```\n", "（3）特殊情况：\n", "- `type(a) == int`和`type(a) is int`有什么区别?\n", - "`==` 是比较两个对象的“值”是否相等，不推荐；\n", + "`==` 是比较两个对象的“值”是否相等，不推荐，原因在==依赖类的`__eq__`，不是很严格；\n", "`is` 是判断两个对象是否是“同一个对象”（id一致），推荐。\n", + "补充说明：int在Python中也是一个对象（类对象）\n", "- `type(A)`返回的是啥？\n", "返回type,类也是对象，Python中所有类的类型都是type\n", "- `isinstance(B,A)`为啥是False?\n", - "`isinstance()`是用于实例是否属于某个类或者某个父类。\n", - "如果要判断两个类的继承关系，可以用`issubclass`\n", - "- bool是int的子类，`True==1,False==0,issubclass(bool,int)`都返回True\n", + "`isinstance()`是用于判断实例是否属于某个类或者某个父类。\n", + "如果要判断两个类的继承关系，可以用`issubclass()`\n", + "\n", "\n", "#### 各个数据类型介绍与使用\n", "##### 数值\n", @@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ "\n", "扩展：Python中的运算符（优先级从上到下是从高到低）\n", "| 运算符 | 描述 |\n", - "| ---------------------------- | -------------------- |\n", + "| ---------------------------| -------------------- |\n", "| `[]`、`[:]` | 索引、切片 |\n", "| `**` | 幂 |\n", "| `~`、`+`、`-` | 按位取反、正号、负号 |\n", @@ -227,10 +228,13 @@ "| `is`、`is not` | 身份运算符 |\n", "| `in`、`not in` | 成员运算符 |\n", "| `not`、`or`、`and` | 逻辑运算符 |\n", - "| `=`、`+=`、`-=`、`*=`、`/=`、`%=`、`//=`、`**=`、`&=`、`\\|=`、`^=`、`>>=`、`<<=` | 赋值运算符 |\n", + "| `=`、`+=`、`-=`、`*=`、`/=`、`%=`、`//=`、`**=`、`&=`、`\\|=`、`^=`、`>>=`、`<<=` | 赋值运算符|\n", + "补充说明：\n", + "not是小写。\n", + "逻辑运算符有阻断。\n", "\n", "2.数值不同表示形式\n", - "（1）整数：十进制、二进制、八进制、十六进制 \n", + "（1）整数：十进制、二进制、八进制、十六进制 \n", "```python\n", "print(0o12) #八进制，0o或者0O\n", "print(0b1010) #二进制，0b或者0B\n", @@ -242,19 +246,29 @@ "print(hex(97)) #hex()十进制转为十六进制字符串，输出0x61\n", "print(bin(97)) #bin()十进制转为二进制字符串，输出0b1100001\n", "```\n", - "（2）浮点数：主要是显示格式(小数点后几位)的问题\n", - "见字符串部分输出格式表\n", - "（3）复数：复数由实数部分和虚数部分构成，可以用a + bj，或者complex(a,b) 表示，复数的实部a和虚部b都是浮点型。如`3e+26j`\n", + "（2）浮点数：主要是显示格式(小数点后几位)的问题 \n", + "见字符串部分输出格式表 \n", + "（3）复数：复数由实数部分和虚数部分构成，可以用a + bj，或者complex(a,b) 表示，复数的实部a和虚部b都是浮点型。如`3e+26j` \n", "\n", "##### 字符串\n", - "1.字符串表示相关问题\n", + "1.字符串表示相关问题 \n", "（1）反斜杠`\\`转义特殊字符，可以在字符串前面加一个`r`表示原始字符。\n", "\n", "（2）字符串的索引和截取：\n", + "区域是左闭右开，从0开始，-1为从末尾开始的位置。 \n", + "```python\n", + "str = 'Runoob'\n", + "print(str[0:-1]) # 'Runoob'\n", + "print(str[0]) # 'R'\n", + "print(str[2:5]) # 'noo'\n", + "print(str[2:]) # 'noob'\n", + "print(str[:2]) # 'Ru'\n", + "print(str[::-1]) # 'boonuR',默认步长为1，步长为-1时会反转\n", + "print(str * 2) # 'RunoobRunoob',*实现重复\n", + "print(str+'abc') # 'Runoobabc',+实现多个字符串连接\n", + "```\n", "\n", - "（3）字符串也适用于运算符（+实现连接，*实现重复）\n", - "\n", - "（4）格式化输出：\n", + "（3）格式化输出：\n", "| 变量值 | 占位符 | 格式化结果 | 说明 |\n", "| ----------- | ---------- | ------------| ---- |\n", "| `3.1415926` | `{:.2f}` | `'3.14'` | 保留小数点后两位 |\n", @@ -269,12 +283,244 @@ "| `0.123` | `{:.2%}` | `'12.30%'` | 百分比格式 |\n", "| `123456789` | `{:.2e}` | `'1.23e+08'` | 科学计数法格式 |\n", "\n", - "##### 列表" + "（4）字符串不是特殊的列表，也不是特殊的元组；它是 Python 里独立的一种不可变序列类型（str），专门为文本处理而优化。\n", + "\n", + "2.字符串内置的方法\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "##### 列表([])\n", + "1.列表也可以被索引和截取，截取后返回一个新列表，也可以用+、*运算。\n", + "2.列表中的元素可以改变，字符串中的元素不可以改变。\n", + "3.字符串和元组都属于序列（Sequence）类型，如下图所示：\n", + "```python\n", + "object\n", + " └── collections.abc.Iterable\n", + " └── collections.abc.Sequence\n", + " ├── list（可变序列）\n", + " ├── tuple（不可变序列）\n", + " └── str（不可变序列，但元素必须是字符）\n", + "\n", + "```\n", + "4.列表内置的方法\n", + "append()\n", + "pop()\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "##### bool(布尔类型)\n", + "bool是int的子类，`True==1,False==0,issubclass(bool,int)`都返回True。 \n", + "布尔值可以被看作整数来使用，True等价于1，False等价于0。\n", + "`bool()`函数可以将其他类型的值转为布尔值，下面的值会被转为False:\n", + "None、False、零 (0、0.0、0j)、空序列（如 ''、()、[]）和空映射（如 {}）。其余均为True。 \n", + "常用示例：\n", + "```python\n", + "print(True and False) # False\n", + "print(True or False) # True\n", + "print(not True) # False\n", + "print(not False) # True\n", + "\n", + "x = 10\n", + "if x:\n", + " print(\"x is non-zero and thus True in a boolean context\")\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "##### 元组（（））\n", + "1.元组不能修改，元组内的元素类型可以不同。元组支持切片和索引。\n", + "2.元组可以包含list列表这种可变的对象。\n", + "3.特殊表示\n", + "`tup1 = () # 空元组`\n", + "`tup2 = (20,) # 一个元素，需要在元素后添加逗号，否则就会成为数学运算中的括号`\n", + "\n", + "##### 集合（{}）\n", + "1.集合（Set）是一种无序、可变的数据类型，用于存储唯一的元素。\n", + "2.集合可以进行集合操作（交集、并集、差集）\n", + "3.创建一个空集合必须用 set() 而不是 { }，因为 { } 是用来创建一个空字典。\n", + "```python\n", + "sites = {'Google', 'Taobao', 'Runoob', 'Facebook', 'Zhihu', 'Baidu'}\n", + "print(sites) # 输出集合，重复的元素被自动去掉\n", + "\n", + "# 成员测试\n", + "if 'Runoob' in sites :\n", + " print('Runoob 在集合中')\n", + "else :\n", + " print('Runoob 不在集合中')\n", + "\n", + "# set可以将其他类型转换为集合\n", + "a = set('abracadabra')\n", + "b = set('alacazam')\n", + "\n", + "print(a) # 重复元素会被去掉，{'b', 'c', 'r', 'a', 'd'}\n", + "print(a - b) # a 和 b 的差集，{'r', 'b', 'd'}\n", + "print(a | b) # a 和 b 的并集，{'b', 'c', 'a', 'z', 'm', 'r', 'l', 'd'}\n", + "print(a & b) # a 和 b 的交集，{'c', 'a'}\n", + "print(a ^ b) # a 和 b 中不同时存在的元素，{'z', 'b', 'm', 'r', 'l', 'd'}\n", + "```\n", + "\n", + "##### 字典（{}）\n", + "1.列表是有序的对象集合，字典是无序的对象集合。两者之间的区别在于：字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的，而不是通过偏移存取。\n", + "2.字典是一种映射类型，是一个无序的键(唯一key) : 值(value) 的集合。\n", + "```python\n", + "dict1 = {}\n", + "dict1['one'] = \"1 - 菜鸟教程\"\n", + "dict1[2] = \"2 - 菜鸟工具\"\n", + "\n", + "tinydict = {'name': 'runoob','code':1, 'site': 'www.runoob.com'}\n", + "\n", + "print (dict['one']) # 输出键为 'one' 的值,'1 - 菜鸟教程'\n", + "print (dict[2]) # 输出键为 2 的值,'2 - 菜鸟工具'\n", + "print (tinydict) # 输出完整的字典,'{'name': 'runoob', 'code': 1, 'site': 'www.runoob.com'}'\n", + "print (tinydict.keys()) # 输出所有键,'dict_keys(['name', 'code', 'site'])'\n", + "print (tinydict.values()) # 输出所有值,'dict_values(['runoob', 1, 'www.runoob.com'])'\n", + "```\n", + "3.字典的构造函数dict()\n", + "```python\n", + "dict([('Runoob', 1), ('Google', 2), ('Taobao', 3)]) # 列表形式\n", + "{'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}\n", + ">>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)} # 字典推导式形式\n", + "{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}\n", + ">>> dict(Runoob=1, Google=2, Taobao=3) # a=1形式\n", + "{'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}\n", + "```\n", + "4.字典内置函数？内置方法？" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "id": "32f5df29", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### 其他知识点\n", + "1.在 Jupyter Notebook 中执行过的变量会一直保留在当前 Kernel 的内存里 \n", + "可以运行`%whos`(显示变量名、类型、值)、`%who`（只显示变量名）、`dir()`（会把魔法变量也列出来）。 \n", + "可以用`del`语句，删除不想要的变量；或者重启Jupyter Kernel（最彻底）。 \n", + "原因：因为 Jupyter Notebook 的执行模式是 stateful（有状态）： \n", + "前面 cell 定义的变量，后面 cell 可以继续用，就算你删除 cell，变量仍然保留，只有重启 Kernel 才会清掉所有变量。" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 38, + "id": "0bd8ee68", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/plain": [ + "['In',\n", + " 'Out',\n", + " '_',\n", + " '__',\n", + " '___',\n", + " '__builtin__',\n", + " '__builtins__',\n", + " '__doc__',\n", + " '__loader__',\n", + " '__name__',\n", + " '__package__',\n", + " '__spec__',\n", + " '__vsc_ipynb_file__',\n", + " '_dh',\n", + " '_i',\n", + " '_i1',\n", + " '_i10',\n", + " '_i11',\n", + " '_i12',\n", + " '_i13',\n", + " '_i14',\n", + " '_i15',\n", + " '_i16',\n", + " '_i17',\n", + " '_i18',\n", + " '_i19',\n", + " '_i2',\n", + " '_i20',\n", + " '_i21',\n", + " '_i22',\n", + " '_i23',\n", + " '_i24',\n", + " '_i25',\n", + " '_i26',\n", + " '_i27',\n", + " '_i28',\n", + " '_i29',\n", + " '_i3',\n", + " '_i30',\n", + " '_i31',\n", + " '_i32',\n", + " '_i33',\n", + " '_i34',\n", + " '_i35',\n", + " '_i36',\n", + " '_i37',\n", + " '_i38',\n", + " '_i4',\n", + " '_i5',\n", + " '_i6',\n", + " '_i7',\n", + " '_i8',\n", + " '_i9',\n", + " '_ih',\n", + " '_ii',\n", + " '_iii',\n", + " '_oh',\n", + " 'a',\n", + " 'b',\n", + " 'bool1',\n", + " 'dict1',\n", + " 'dict2',\n", + " 'dict3',\n", + " 'exit',\n", + " 'f1',\n", + " 'get_ipython',\n", + " 'i1',\n", + " 'i2',\n", + " 'open',\n", + " 'quit',\n", + " 'sites',\n", + " 'str',\n", + " 'str1',\n", + " 't1',\n", + " 'tinydict']" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 38, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "dir()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "3ecd9167", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "name": "stdout", + "output_type": "stream", + "text": [ + "{'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}\n", + "{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}\n", + "{'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "del dict\n", + "\n", + "dict1 = dict([('Runoob', 1), ('Google', 2), ('Taobao', 3)])\n", + "print(dict1) # {'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}\n", + "dict2 = {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}\n", + "print(dict2)# {2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}\n", + "dict3 = dict(Runoob=1, Google=2, Taobao=3)\n", + "print(dict3) # {'Runoob': 1, 'Google': 2, 'Taobao': 3}" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 46, + "execution_count": 28, "id": "040e17dd", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ @@ -282,12 +528,35 @@ "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ - "0b1100001\n" + "{'Zhihu', 'Facebook', 'Runoob', 'Taobao', 'Baidu', 'Google'}\n", + "Runoob 在集合中\n", + "{'b', 'c', 'r', 'a', 'd'}\n", + "{'b', 'd', 'r'}\n", + "{'m', 'b', 'c', 'r', 'a', 'd', 'z', 'l'}\n", + "{'a', 'c'}\n", + "{'m', 'b', 'z', 'l', 'r', 'd'}\n" ] } ], "source": [ - "print(bin(97))" + "sites = {'Google', 'Taobao', 'Runoob', 'Facebook', 'Zhihu', 'Baidu'}\n", + "print(sites) # 输出集合，重复的元素被自动去掉\n", + "\n", + "# 成员测试\n", + "if 'Runoob' in sites :\n", + " print('Runoob 在集合中')\n", + "else :\n", + " print('Runoob 不在集合中')\n", + "\n", + "# set可以进行集合运算\n", + "a = set('abracadabra')\n", + "b = set('alacazam')\n", + "\n", + "print(a)\n", + "print(a - b) # a 和 b 的差集\n", + "print(a | b) # a 和 b 的并集\n", + "print(a & b) # a 和 b 的交集\n", + "print(a ^ b) # a 和 b 中不同时存在的元素" ] }, { @@ -326,8 +595,10 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "### Python错误和警告\n", - "`print(1 is True)`会有警告：\n", - "SyntaxWarning:\"is\" with 'int' literal. Did you mean \"==\"?" + "1.`print(1 is True)`会有警告：\n", + "SyntaxWarning:\"is\" with 'int' literal. Did you mean \"==\"?\n", + "2.TypeError: 'dict' object is not callable\n", + "是因为先前的代码把dict类型覆盖成了一个字典对象，导致dict变为一个普通的对象，故报错不可调用。" ] }, { @@ -1054,7 +1325,7 @@ ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "base", + "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, @@ -1068,7 +1339,7 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.12.7" + "version": "3.13.0" } }, "nbformat": 4,