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| 1 | +// |
| 2 | +// ecdsa.hk |
| 3 | +// |
| 4 | + |
| 5 | +import bigint; |
| 6 | +import crypto; |
| 7 | +import hashing; |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +// Structs |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +struct Point { |
| 12 | + x, y |
| 13 | +} |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +struct Curve { |
| 16 | + keySize, |
| 17 | + A, B, P, N, G |
| 18 | +} |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +// Functions |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +fn new_point(x, y) { |
| 23 | + return Point { |
| 24 | + bigint.from_string(x, 16), |
| 25 | + bigint.from_string(y, 16) |
| 26 | + }; |
| 27 | +} |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +fn new_point_at_infinity() { |
| 30 | + return Point { nil, nil }; |
| 31 | +} |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +fn is_at_infinity(p) { |
| 34 | + return p.x == nil && p.y == nil; |
| 35 | +} |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | +fn new_secp256k1_curve() { |
| 38 | + let G = new_point( |
| 39 | + "79BE667EF9DCBBAC55A06295CE870B07029BFCDB2DCE28D959F2815B16F81798", |
| 40 | + "483ADA7726A3C4655DA4FBFC0E1108A8FD17B448A68554199C47D08FFB10D4B8" |
| 41 | + ); |
| 42 | + return Curve { |
| 43 | + 32, |
| 44 | + bigint.new(0), |
| 45 | + bigint.new(7), |
| 46 | + bigint.from_string( |
| 47 | + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2F", |
| 48 | + 16), |
| 49 | + bigint.from_string( |
| 50 | + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141", |
| 51 | + 16), |
| 52 | + G |
| 53 | + }; |
| 54 | +} |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +fn scalar_is_valid(c, scalar) { |
| 57 | + return bigint.compare(scalar, 0) > 0 && bigint.compare(scalar, c.N) < 0; |
| 58 | +} |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +fn random_scalar(c) { |
| 61 | + let size = c.keySize; |
| 62 | + var bytes = crypto.random_bytes(size); |
| 63 | + var scalar = bigint.from_bytes(bytes); |
| 64 | + while (!scalar_is_valid(c, scalar)) |
| 65 | + { |
| 66 | + bytes = crypto.random_bytes(size); |
| 67 | + scalar = bigint.from_bytes(bytes); |
| 68 | + } |
| 69 | + return scalar; |
| 70 | +} |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | +fn is_on_curve(c, p) { |
| 73 | + // p.y ^ 2 mod c.P = p.x ^ 3 + c.A * p.x + c.B mod c.P |
| 74 | + let t0 = bigint.mod(bigint.pow(p.y, 2), c.P); |
| 75 | + let t1 = bigint.pow(p.x, 3); |
| 76 | + let t2 = bigint.mul(c.A, p.x); |
| 77 | + let t3 = bigint.add(t1, bigint.add(t2, c.B)); |
| 78 | + let t4 = bigint.mod(t3, c.P); |
| 79 | + return bigint.compare(t0, t4) == 0; |
| 80 | +} |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +fn compute_y(c, x) { |
| 83 | + // y0 = sqrtm_prime(x ^ 3 + c.A * x + c.B, c.P) |
| 84 | + // y1 = -y0 mod c.P |
| 85 | + let t0 = bigint.pow(x, 3); |
| 86 | + let t1 = bigint.mul(c.A, x); |
| 87 | + let t2 = bigint.add(t0, bigint.add(t1, c.B)); |
| 88 | + let t3 = bigint.sqrtm_prime(t2, c.P); |
| 89 | + let t4 = bigint.mod(bigint.neg(t3), c.P); |
| 90 | + return [t3, t4]; |
| 91 | +} |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +fn add_points(c, p, q) { |
| 94 | + if (is_at_infinity(p)) { |
| 95 | + return q; |
| 96 | + } |
| 97 | + if (is_at_infinity(q)) { |
| 98 | + return p; |
| 99 | + } |
| 100 | + // lambda = mod((q.y − p.y) * invertm(q.x − p.x, c.P), c.P) |
| 101 | + var t0 = bigint.sub(q.y, p.y); |
| 102 | + var t1 = bigint.sub(q.x, p.x); |
| 103 | + let t2 = bigint.invertm(t1, c.P); |
| 104 | + assert(t2, "invertm() failed"); |
| 105 | + let t3 = bigint.mul(t0, t2); |
| 106 | + let lambda = bigint.mod(t3, c.P); |
| 107 | + // x = mod(lambda ^ 2 − p.x − q.x, c.P) |
| 108 | + t0 = bigint.sub(bigint.pow(lambda, 2), p.x); |
| 109 | + let x = bigint.mod(bigint.sub(t0, q.x), c.P); |
| 110 | + // y = mod(lambda * (p.x − x) − p.y, c.P) |
| 111 | + t0 = bigint.sub(p.x, x); |
| 112 | + t1 = bigint.mul(lambda, t0); |
| 113 | + let y = bigint.mod(bigint.sub(t1, p.y), c.P); |
| 114 | + return Point { x, y }; |
| 115 | +} |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +fn double_point(c, p) { |
| 118 | + if (is_at_infinity(p) || bigint.compare(p.y, 0) == 0) { |
| 119 | + return new_point_at_infinity(); |
| 120 | + } |
| 121 | + // lambda = mod((3 * p.x ^ 2 + c.A) * invertm(2 * p.y, c.P), c.P) |
| 122 | + var t0 = bigint.mul(bigint.pow(p.x, 2), 3); |
| 123 | + var t1 = bigint.add(t0, c.A); |
| 124 | + let t2 = bigint.mul(p.y, 2); |
| 125 | + let t3 = bigint.invertm(t2, c.P); |
| 126 | + assert(t3, "invertm() failed"); |
| 127 | + let lambda = bigint.mod(bigint.mul(t1, t3), c.P); |
| 128 | + // x = mod(lambda ^ 2 − 2 * p.x, c.P) |
| 129 | + t0 = bigint.pow(lambda, 2); |
| 130 | + t1 = bigint.mul(p.x, 2); |
| 131 | + let x = bigint.mod(bigint.sub(t0, t1), c.P); |
| 132 | + // y = mod(lambda * (p.x − x) − p.y), c.P) |
| 133 | + t0 = bigint.sub(p.x, x); |
| 134 | + t1 = bigint.mul(lambda, t0); |
| 135 | + let y = bigint.mod(bigint.sub(t1, p.y), c.P); |
| 136 | + return Point { x, y }; |
| 137 | +} |
| 138 | + |
| 139 | +fn multiply_point_by_scalar(c, p, scalar) |
| 140 | +{ |
| 141 | + var q = new_point_at_infinity(); |
| 142 | + let n = bigint.size(scalar, 2); |
| 143 | + for (var i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) |
| 144 | + { |
| 145 | + q = double_point(c, q); |
| 146 | + if (bigint.testbit(scalar, i) == 1) { |
| 147 | + q = add_points(c, q, p); |
| 148 | + } |
| 149 | + } |
| 150 | + return q; |
| 151 | +} |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +fn multiply_base_point_by_scalar(c, scalar) { |
| 154 | + return multiply_point_by_scalar(c, c.G, scalar); |
| 155 | +} |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | +fn sign(c, digest, privKey) { |
| 158 | + if (!scalar_is_valid(c, privKey)) { |
| 159 | + return false; |
| 160 | + } |
| 161 | + loop { |
| 162 | + let k = random_scalar(c); |
| 163 | + let p = multiply_base_point_by_scalar(c, k); |
| 164 | + // r = mod(p.x, c.N) |
| 165 | + let r = bigint.mod(p.x, c.N); |
| 166 | + if (bigint.compare(r, 0) == 0) { |
| 167 | + continue; |
| 168 | + } |
| 169 | + // s = mod(invertm(k, c.N) * (digest + r * privKey), c.N) |
| 170 | + let t0 = bigint.mul(r, privKey); |
| 171 | + let t1 = bigint.add(digest, t0); |
| 172 | + let t2 = bigint.invertm(k, c.N); |
| 173 | + assert(t2, "invertm() failed"); |
| 174 | + let s = bigint.mod(bigint.mul(t2, t1), c.N); |
| 175 | + if (bigint.compare(s, 0) == 0) { |
| 176 | + continue; |
| 177 | + } |
| 178 | + return [r, s]; |
| 179 | + } |
| 180 | +} |
| 181 | + |
| 182 | +fn verify_signature(c, digest, pubKey, r, s) { |
| 183 | + if (!scalar_is_valid(c, r) || !scalar_is_valid(c, s)) { |
| 184 | + return false; |
| 185 | + } |
| 186 | + // w = invertm(s, c.N) |
| 187 | + let w = bigint.invertm(s, c.N); |
| 188 | + assert(w, "invertm() failed"); |
| 189 | + // u1 = mod(digest * w, c.N) |
| 190 | + let u1 = bigint.mod(bigint.mul(digest, w), c.N); |
| 191 | + // u2 = mod(r * w, c.N) |
| 192 | + let u2 = bigint.mod(bigint.mul(r, w), c.N); |
| 193 | + // p = u1 * G + u2 * pubKey |
| 194 | + let p = add_points(c, |
| 195 | + multiply_base_point_by_scalar(c, u1), |
| 196 | + multiply_point_by_scalar(c, pubKey, u2) |
| 197 | + ); |
| 198 | + if (is_at_infinity(p)) { |
| 199 | + return false; |
| 200 | + } |
| 201 | + // v = mod(p.x, c.N) |
| 202 | + let v = bigint.mod(p.x, c.N); |
| 203 | + return bigint.compare(v, r) == 0; |
| 204 | +} |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +// Main |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +let c = new_secp256k1_curve(); |
| 209 | + |
| 210 | +// Test compute_y() and is_on_curve() |
| 211 | +let p = new_point( |
| 212 | + "D440BDBA94C11761FD4FC419B5BF3F111B8F193A5168ACD33AA5525DC50B2F18", |
| 213 | + "7E38B3F29FDF12904486A0BCCE8F5018B7B96B60661DAB6DC2CF73E843BEF6CE" |
| 214 | +); |
| 215 | +let isOnCurve = is_on_curve(c, p); |
| 216 | +assert(isOnCurve, "Point must be on curve"); |
| 217 | +let [ y0, y1 ] = compute_y(c, p.x); |
| 218 | +let y0IsY = bigint.compare(y0, p.y) == 0; |
| 219 | +let y1IsY = bigint.compare(y1, p.y) == 0; |
| 220 | +assert(y0IsY || y1IsY, "Point must have valid y coordinate"); |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +// Generate a random private key |
| 223 | +let privKey = random_scalar(c); |
| 224 | +println("Private key: " + bigint.to_string(privKey, 16)); |
| 225 | + |
| 226 | +// Get the public key |
| 227 | +let pubKey = multiply_base_point_by_scalar(c, privKey); |
| 228 | +println("Public key:"); |
| 229 | +println(" x: " + bigint.to_string(pubKey.x, 16)); |
| 230 | +println(" y: " + bigint.to_string(pubKey.y, 16)); |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +// Hash the message |
| 233 | +let message = "Hello, world!"; |
| 234 | +var digest = hashing.sha256(message); |
| 235 | +digest = bigint.from_bytes(digest); |
| 236 | +println("Digest: " + bigint.to_string(digest, 16)); |
| 237 | + |
| 238 | +// Sign the digest |
| 239 | +let [ r, s ] = sign(c, digest, privKey); |
| 240 | +println("Signature:"); |
| 241 | +println(" r: " + bigint.to_string(r, 16)); |
| 242 | +println(" s: " + bigint.to_string(s, 16)); |
| 243 | + |
| 244 | +// Verify the signature |
| 245 | +let isValid = verify_signature(c, digest, pubKey, r, s); |
| 246 | +assert(isValid, "Signature must be valid"); |
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