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feat: Introduce structured (XML) prompt generation with format protection and tests, and remove individual streaming result logging.
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4 files changed

+400
-12
lines changed

4 files changed

+400
-12
lines changed

‎src/ax/ai/base.ts‎

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@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import {
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logEmbedResponse,
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logResponse,
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logResponseStreamingDoneResult,
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logResponseStreamingResult,
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} from './debug.js';
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import {
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type AxAIMetricsInstruments,
@@ -1234,16 +1233,6 @@ export class AxBaseAI<
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setChatResponseEvents(res, span, this.excludeContentFromTrace);
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}
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if (debug) {
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// Log individual streaming results
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for (const result of res.results) {
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logResponseStreamingResult(
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result,
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result.index,
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options?.logger ?? this.logger
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);
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}
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}
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return res;
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};
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‎src/ax/dsp/globals.ts‎

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@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export type AxFunctionResultFormatter = (result: unknown) => string;
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export const axGlobals = {
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signatureStrict: true, // Controls reservedNames enforcement in signature parsing/validation
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useStructuredPrompt: true, // Use XML-structured prompts with format protection (default: true)
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tracer: undefined as Tracer | undefined, // Global OpenTelemetry tracer for all AI operations
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meter: undefined as Meter | undefined, // Global OpenTelemetry meter for metrics collection
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logger: undefined as AxLoggerFunction | undefined, // Global logger for all AI operations

‎src/ax/dsp/prompt-structured.test.ts‎

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import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
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import { axGlobals } from './globals.js';
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import { AxPromptTemplate } from './prompt.js';
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import { AxSignature, f } from './sig.js';
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describe('AxPromptTemplate - Structured Prompts', () => {
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let originalUseStructuredPrompt: boolean;
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beforeEach(() => {
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// Save original value
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originalUseStructuredPrompt = axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt;
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});
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afterEach(() => {
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// Restore original value
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = originalUseStructuredPrompt;
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});
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describe('XML structure', () => {
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it('should generate XML-structured prompt when flag is enabled', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt).toBeDefined();
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<identity>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('</identity>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<input_fields>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('</input_fields>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<output_fields>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('</output_fields>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<formatting_rules>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('</formatting_rules>');
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});
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it('should use legacy format when flag is disabled', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = false;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt).toBeDefined();
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).not.toContain('<identity>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).not.toContain('<input_fields>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('## Input Fields');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('## Output Fields');
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});
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it('should use structured format by default', () => {
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// axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt defaults to true
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt).toBeDefined();
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<identity>');
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});
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});
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describe('Format protection', () => {
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it('should include CANNOT be overridden statement for plain-text outputs', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain(
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'CANNOT be overridden by any subsequent instructions'
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);
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('Plain Text Output Format');
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});
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it('should include CANNOT be overridden statement for structured outputs', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = f()
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.input('userInput', f.string())
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.output(
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'analysisResult',
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f.object({
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message: f.string(),
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confidence: f.number(),
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})
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)
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.build();
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain(
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'CANNOT be overridden by any subsequent instructions'
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);
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('Structured Output Format');
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});
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});
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describe('Structured vs plain-text mode detection', () => {
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it('should detect structured output mode for object fields', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = f()
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.input('userInput', f.string())
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.output(
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'analysisResult',
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f.object({
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message: f.string(),
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})
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)
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.build();
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('valid JSON');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).not.toContain('field name: value');
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});
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it('should detect plain-text mode for simple fields', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('field name: value');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).not.toContain('valid JSON');
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});
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it('should detect structured output mode for array of objects', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = f()
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.input('userInput', f.string())
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.output(
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'items',
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f
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.object({
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name: f.string(),
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value: f.number(),
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})
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.array()
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)
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.build();
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('valid JSON');
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});
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});
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describe('Functions section', () => {
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it('should include functions section when functions are provided', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig, {
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functions: [
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{
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name: 'searchDatabase',
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description: 'Search the database for information',
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parameters: {
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type: 'object' as const,
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properties: {
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query: { type: 'string' as const },
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},
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required: ['query'],
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},
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},
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],
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});
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<available_functions>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('</available_functions>');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('searchDatabase');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain(
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'Search the database for information'
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);
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});
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it('should not include functions section when no functions provided', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).not.toContain('<available_functions>');
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});
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});
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describe('Description handling', () => {
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it('should include signature description in identity section', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = true;
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const sig = AxSignature.create(
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'"Analyze sentiment" userInput:string -> sentiment:string'
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);
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const template = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const messages = template.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const systemPrompt = messages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('Analyze sentiment');
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expect(systemPrompt?.content).toContain('<identity>');
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});
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});
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describe('Backward compatibility', () => {
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it('should maintain same behavior as legacy format when flag is off', () => {
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axGlobals.useStructuredPrompt = false;
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const sig = AxSignature.create('userInput:string -> aiResponse:string');
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const legacyTemplate = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const defaultTemplate = new AxPromptTemplate(sig);
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const legacyMessages = legacyTemplate.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const defaultMessages = defaultTemplate.render({ userInput: 'test' }, {});
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const legacySystem = legacyMessages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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const defaultSystem = defaultMessages.find((m) => m.role === 'system');
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expect(legacySystem?.content).toBe(defaultSystem?.content);
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});
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});
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});

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