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‎.nojekyll‎

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‎01-geodata.html‎

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‎02-geoviz.html‎

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‎03-geoio.html‎

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.5.57">
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<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
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<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting.css" rel="stylesheet" class="quarto-color-scheme" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
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<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-dark.css" rel="prefetch" class="quarto-color-scheme quarto-color-alternate" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
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<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-e26003cea8cd680ca0c55a263523d882.css" rel="stylesheet" class="quarto-color-scheme" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
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<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-dark-d166b450ba5a8e9f7a0ab969bf6592c1.css" rel="prefetch" class="quarto-color-scheme quarto-color-alternate" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
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<link href="site_libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-348f9480ca2773527746b0ae0a361280.min.css" rel="stylesheet" append-hash="true" class="quarto-color-scheme" id="quarto-bootstrap" data-mode="light">
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<link href="site_libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-dark-46f389c8df888532cbd1bee5f85f9066.min.css" rel="prefetch" append-hash="true" class="quarto-color-scheme quarto-color-alternate" id="quarto-bootstrap" data-mode="dark">
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@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ <h1 class="title"><span class="chapter-number">3</span>&nbsp; <span class="chapt
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<p>In order to disrupt existing practices and really develop something new in Julia, we had to make some hard decisions along the way. One of these decisions relates to how we are willing to interface our framework with existing GIS standards and workflows.</p>
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<p>On the one hand, we could have followed the path that was followed by other communities such as Python and R, and focus our energy interfacing with well-tested GIS libraries written in C/C++ (e.g., <a href="https://gdal.org/index.html">GDAL</a>, <a href="https://libgeos.org">GEOS</a>). This is precisely what the JuliaGeo organization has been doing over the years, and it is an important agenda to bring people from other languages that are used to the <a href="https://www.ogc.org/standards">OGC</a> standards.</p>
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<p>On the other hand, we have young geoscientists and first-time programmers who have never studied GIS before, and who <em>really struggle</em> learning the technology as it is today. The widespread emphasis on machine representation and software engineering has created a gap between the developers and the users of GIS software. A typical gap the Julia programming language helps to close.</p>
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<p>We decided to limit our interface with existing GIS technology to input and output (IO) of files. This gives users of the framework the chance to</p>
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<p>We decided to limit our interface with existing GIS technology to input and output (IO) of files while it matures. This gives users of the framework the chance to</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Import geospatial data stored as simple features</li>
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<li>Perform geospatial data science with a rich set of tools</li>
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<section id="file-formats" class="level2" data-number="3.2">
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<h2 data-number="3.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="file-formats"><span class="header-section-number">3.2</span> File formats</h2>
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<p>Most GIS file formats do <strong>not</strong> preserve topological information. This means that neighborhood information is lost as soon as geometries are saved to disk. To illustrate this issue, we consider a geotable over a grid:</p>
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<div id="0b6ade95" class="cell" data-execution_count="2">
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode julia code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode julia"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">using</span> <span class="bu">GeoIO</span></span>
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<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>earth <span class="op">=</span> GeoIO.<span class="fu">load</span>(<span class="st">"data/earth.tif"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
@@ -387,11 +387,11 @@ <h2 data-number="3.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="file-formats"><span class
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">color</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">geometry</th>
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</tr>
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<tr class="subheader even">
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">Colorful</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">Quadrangle</th>
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<tr class="subheader headerLastRow header">
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">[NoUnits]</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">🖈 GeodeticLatLon{WGS84Latest}</th>
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<p>If we save the geotable to a <code>.geojson</code> file on disk, and then load it back, we observe that the grid gets replaced by a geometry set:</p>
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<div id="fbd33674" class="cell" data-execution_count="3">
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode julia code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode julia"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>fname <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">tempname</span>() <span class="op">*</span> <span class="st">".geojson"</span></span>
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<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>GeoIO.<span class="fu">save</span>(fname, earth)</span>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">color</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">geometry</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">Unknown</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">[NoUnits]</th>
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<th style="text-align: center;" data-quarto-table-cell-role="th">🖈 GeodeticLatLon{WGS84Latest}</th>
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<p>Other file formats such as <code>.ply</code> and <code>.msh</code> are widely used in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics">computer graphics</a> to save geospatial data over meshes, and preserve topological information:</p>
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<div id="164a3d1c" class="cell" data-execution_count="4">
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode julia code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode julia"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>beethoven <span class="op">=</span> GeoIO.<span class="fu">load</span>(<span class="st">"data/beethoven.ply"</span>)</span>
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<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
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<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">viz</span>(beethoven.geometry)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<p>Do we gain anything by not adhering to <strong>programming interfaces</strong>?</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The answer is an emphatic <strong>YES</strong>! It means that we have total freedom to innovate and improve the representation of various geometries and geospatial domains with Julia’s amazing type system. To give a simple example, let’s take a look at the <code>Triangle</code> geometry:</p>
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<div id="9be4759a" class="cell" data-execution_count="5">
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode julia code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode julia"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>t <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">Triangle</span>((<span class="fl">0</span>, <span class="fl">0</span>), (<span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">0</span>), (<span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fl">1</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<div class="cell-output cell-output-display" data-execution_count="6">
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<pre><code>Triangle
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<p>If we treated this geometry as a generic polygon represented by a vector of vertices in memory, like it is done in <a href="https://github.com/JuliaGeo/GeoInterface.jl">GeoInterface.jl</a> for example, we wouldn’t be able to dispatch optimized code that is only valid for a triangle:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode julia code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode julia"><span id="cb9-1"><a href="#cb9-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="pp">@code_llvm</span> <span class="fu">isconvex</span>(t)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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<pre><code>; Function Signature: isconvex(Meshes.Ngon{3, Meshes.𝔼{2}, CoordRefSystems.Cartesian{CoordRefSystems.NoDatum, 2, Unitful.Quantity{Float64, Unitful.Dimensions{(Unitful.Dimension{:Length}(power=Base.Rational{Int64}(num=1, den=1)),)}(), Unitful.FreeUnits{(Unitful.Unit{:Meter, Unitful.Dimensions{(Unitful.Dimension{:Length}(power=Base.Rational{Int64}(num=1, den=1)),)}()}(tens=0, power=Base.Rational{Int64}(num=1, den=1)),), Unitful.Dimensions{(Unitful.Dimension{:Length}(power=Base.Rational{Int64}(num=1, den=1)),)}(), nothing}}}})
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; @ /home/runner/.julia/packages/Meshes/tKNCZ/src/predicates/isconvex.jl:57 within `isconvex`
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define i8 @julia_isconvex_28968(ptr nocapture readonly %0) #0 {
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define i8 @julia_isconvex_30136(ptr nocapture readonly %0) #0 {
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}</code></pre>
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